銀髮族無接縫旅遊之飲食需求

The Needs of Seamless Travel Diet for Senior People

全球高齡化所伴隨而來的健康問題已成為銀髮相關產業必須重視的議題，尤以旅遊業為甚。因為旅遊行程中之食、住、行、遊、購、娛等面向皆可能產生縫隙（Gaps）而導致高齡者原有健康問題惡化或誘發健康問題之產生。尤其在旅遊過程中之每日三餐飲食上，如能找出銀髮旅遊飲食之縫隙，便能建構優質的銀髮旅遊飲食環境。本研究由生理、心理及社會三大面向探討旅遊飲食之「縫隙」（Gaps）。運用由自由列舉（free-listing）、半結構式訪談（focused or semi-structured interview）及 ANTHROPAC 軟體程式分析。針對 100 名有效問卷中，只有 33 名為自覺健康者，其餘均患有慢性疾病，其中以高血壓人數最高達 43 位，依序為糖尿病、心血管等疾病，只有 6位有退化性關節炎 （包含類風性關節炎及人工髖關節），不乏銀髮長者是二種以上慢性病。研究結果顯示：「顯著指數（Smith’s）」列舉頻率較高的縫隙為心理層面；其次是社會層面；與銀髮族切身的生理層面列舉頻率很低。訪談發現，在個人生理部分縫隙（Gaps）有，飲食無規律性；有無清淡飲食供應；特殊飲食的必要；誤餐食恰當備用品；對於疾病飲食模擬兩可的認知。

Health problem accompanied by global trend of aging population’s participation in travel is a hot spot for elder-related industries, especially in the tourism fields. Due to the potential ''gaps'' related to food, lodging, movement, recreation, shopping and entertainment during a trip, senior citizens’ original health problems might get worse or induced. The potential gaps related health problems are evident in aspect of daily dietary during a trip; therefore a circumstance of providing good dietary could be highly based on the knowledge of gaps. This study discussed the existing and potential gaps might be in physical, psychological, social aspects that occur in eating during travel, and leveraged free-listing, focused interview for data collection. ANTHROPAC program was used for analysis. Among 100 valid subjects, senior citizen with hypertensive disease is the most popular population (43), and subjects with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases are next in line. The resulting salience index (also called Smith’s S) of listings shows the psychological aspect related gaps occur at the highest frequency, and the social aspect related gaps show lower frequency, while the gaps highly related to senior citizen occur at very low listing frequency. The personal physical aspect related gaps from the review include lacking of regular diet preferences, supply of light diet or not, supply of special diet or not, adequate back supplies when meal missing, and personal ambiguity about disease diet cognition.