高齡者健康旅遊的關鍵內涵

Critical Contents for Seniors in Health Tourism

高齡化社會使政府需要開始積極推動相關措施，讓高齡者可以健康快樂的享受晚年生活。因此，唯有瞭解高齡者健康旅遊關鍵內涵，才能發展出具健康效益的旅遊型態，此乃為本研究主要目的。本研究首先歸納國內外相關文獻，在Alderfer（1969）提出的ERG需求理論下，整理出高齡者健康旅遊的三大需求與九大構面，生理需求有「體能活動」、「旅遊環境和氣候」、「飲食規劃」及「緊急醫療處理」構面；關係需求有「社交互動」及「調節身心」構面；成長需求有「新體驗」、「追求自尊」及「學習新事物」構面，編製半結構式訪談大綱，與5位業者進行深度訪談，作為建立結構式問卷之依據，最後針對臺北地區55歲以上過去一年內有旅遊經驗的高齡者，進行立意抽樣面對面訪問調查，有效回收問卷共285份。研究結果歸納如下：一.多數業者認為高齡者健康旅遊的關鍵內涵為：在「體能活動」方面應有持續性促進健康的活動、「旅遊環境和氣候」方面要注意溫差、「飲食規劃」方面要偏個人習慣與少油少糖少鹽或偏軟、「緊急醫療處理」方面要有熟悉緊急醫療程序和當地醫療環境的帶隊人員、「社交互動」方面應設計小團康來增加互動及「學習新事物」方面應適當激發其好奇心。二.三大需求中「關係需求」為受訪高齡者最注重，其次為「生存需求」，最後為「成長需求」；「關係需求」中，調節身心構面最重要；「生存需求」中，體能活動構面最重要；「成長需求」中，學習新事物構面最重要。三.由構面平均數觀之，研究發現調節身心、體能活動及學習新事物最高。綜合業者與受訪高齡者之觀點發現，建議未來規劃高齡者健康旅遊行程時，讓高齡者調節身心為最重要。此外，設計促進健康的體能活動、飲食以清淡衛生為主、瞭解就醫程序和環境、安排社交小活動及鼓勵高齡者攜伴同行等亦為關鍵內涵，方能達到具健康效益的旅遊體驗，以提升高齡者旅遊品質。

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the field of health tourism for the rapid increase of the elderly population. There have been numerous studies showing that health tourism is the best travelling type for the elderly; however, these researchers cannot indicate the key factors that make health tourism so important to the seniors. This study reviewed literature and came up with 3 main needs and 9 main factors in seniors health tourism by using Alderfer’s (1969) ERG Theory: Existence Needs including “physical activity”, “travel environment and weather difference”, “diet planning” and “emergency medical treatment”; Relatedness Needs including “social interaction” and “relaxing”; Growth Needs including “new experience”, “pursuit of self-esteem” and “learning new things”. The research focused on two target groups, those who run businesses related to health tourism, and the seniors. There are two phases in the research. The first is personal interviews with five managers in the senior travelling market. A questionnaire was then developed from the analysis of interview data in the first phase. For the second phase, 285 questionnaires were collected from seniors over 55 years old and living in Taipei. The results indicated that future planning in health tourism for seniors should make “relaxing ” as top priority. Other priorities include organizing health promotion activities, preparing light and healthy food, understanding medical procedures and environment, planning social activities and encouraging seniors to bring company. These are the critical contents for reaching beneficial health tourism and having a great tourist experience for the seniors.