1980年代之台灣產銷政策──以石化工業一貫生產體系的形成為中心（Taiwan’s 1980s Industrial Order Policy and the Formation of a Consistent Production System in the Petrochemical Industry）

1980 年代の台湾産業秩序政策について―石油化学工業の自己完結的体系の形成を中心に―

第二次石油危機後，台灣石化工業面臨到先進國的傾銷、新興工業國的發展，競爭力急速喪失。產業雖已形成一貫生產體系，但各部門卻因價格訂定而不斷引起衝突。本文以石化工業發展為例，探討當局如何運用產銷政策（產業秩序政策），整合中、上游生產規模以穩定供給，中、下游又能夠以國際市場價格獲得原料。這乃是藉由貿易管制以保護國內市場，使中、上游發揮生產的規模經濟；引進國際市場價格與國內連動，形成「擬似」市場機能，以加速產業活性化、緩和部門衝突並確保競爭力。換言之，政策目的乃是透過對產業生產、販售與價格決定的介入，強化各部門信賴關係與競爭力，最終完成一貫生產體制的整合。

Following the second oil crisis in the mid-1970s, the industrialcompetitiveness of Taiwan’s petrochemical industry rapidly declined in theface of the rapid development of newly industrialized countries and themassive dumping of petrochemical related products by advanced economiesin the world market. Although upstream, midstream, and downstream of theindustry during the period seem to have formed a consistent productionsystem in the domestic market, when faced with sharp deterioration incompetitiveness, various sectors in the industry failed to consolidate due toconflict of interests caused by surging prices of intermediate products andraw materials. Taiwan’s petrochemical industry has undergone a majortransformation and gradually recovered in the 1980s as the governmentstrategically devised and implemented a series of policies aimed to stabilizethe supply chain and achieve sustainability by promoting efficiency frommidstream to upstream sectors through economies of scale, and at the sametime allowing midstream and downstream sectors to acquire intermediategoods and raw materials at international market prices. Using the development process of Taiwan’s petrochemical industry as an example, thisstudy investigates how the proposed industrial order policy for the industry inthe 1980s have succeeded in achieving its goals in response to both externaland internal challenges. The findings of this study suggest that regulatoryintervention and coordination within the internal production, sale, distribution,and pricing strategy in the industry facilitate the enhancement of aninterdependency relationship and market competitiveness between sectors inthe industry. This leads to the acceleration of industrial integration anddevelopment of the industry’s consistent production system.