政府開發援助之經濟學分析──以中國模式的援助為中心（An Economic Analysis of Official Development Assistance: The Chinese Model）

政府開発援助に関する経済学的考察―中国型の援助を中心として―

本文從經濟學理論的觀點分析政府開發援助對於受援國之國民所得的影響。尤其，為了釐清存在於中國的獨特「四位一體」型之援助特徵，援助國針對受援國的公共資本（基礎設施）進行建設與維護援助之際，針對其建設與維護時所動用之援助國勞動力與資本建構經濟模型，並運用包含公共資本中生產的GDP函數進行援助的分析。本研究發現，即便藉由政府開發援助而使受援國的基礎設施得以整頓完備、民間部門的生產力提高，卻仍有可能導致受援國的國民所得降低。上述情況於政府開發援助僅負擔受援國維護基礎設施所產生的一部分費用（包含浮報之部分）時；或是援助國僅提供一部分維護基礎設施所須使用的生產要素（勞力或資本）時，可能產生。此外，研究顯示，除了援助型態的問題之外，考慮因援助所實施計畫之有效性也是很重要的。

This article undertakes an economic analysis of the impacts of officialdevelopment assistance (ODA) on the expansion of national income inrecipient nations. In particular, it seeks to explain China’s unique ‘Four inOne’ model of assistance. To do this, it presents an economic model underwhich ODA is provided to build and improve public capital (infrastructure)using donor nation labor and capital, and employs a GDP function thatincludes production of public capital. This analysis reveals that, while ODAprojects to improve infrastructure may raise the productivity of the privatesector in recipient nations, there is potential for reduced national incomeoverall. This potential is generated in circumstances where ODA only coverspart of the expenditure related to infrastructure improvement (includingfloating costs), or where recipient nations only provide part of the factors ofproduction (labor and capital) used in these projects. Besides the issuesassociated with ODA models, these results demonstrate the importance ofconsidering the effectiveness of each official assistance projects.