試論1952 至1999 年間臺灣高中歷史教科書中英國與英國人的他者形象

England and The English as the Others in Taiwan’s Senior High School History Textbooks from 1952 to 1999

本論文將採用比較文學形象學所主張的跨學科研究法來探討臺灣在1952 至1999 年間由官方所發行的四個版本高中歷史教科書中的英國與英國人他者形象。由於我國與英國自從十八世紀末以來就有著非常複雜的外交與經貿關係，而於1949 年播遷來臺的國民黨政府在來臺初期又接連遭逢許多的挑戰，因此在強化學生愛國心與鼓勵民眾支持國民黨政府的前提下，這一些由官方所聘僱來負責編寫教科書的大學教授與高中老師們在論述英國與英國人時，便小心翼翼地來建構各種符合執政者教育目標與政治考量的他者形象。這些教科書不僅成功塑造出各種以英國或英國人做為它者的形象，同時也折射出執政者在不同年代所企圖打造的自我形象。因此，在探索各種英國或英國人的它者形象時，我們將發現課文中各種詳述英國與英國人的論述其實就像是一面面的鏡子，它們不僅折射出形象論述委託者之國民黨政府眼中的它者，同時也或多或少透露出國民黨政府希望台灣這一塊土地與其人民在他國國民眼中所看到的自我形象。

This paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach of Imagology to investigate thehetero-images of England and the English in Taiwan’s senior high school historytextbooks from 1952 to 1999, a time when the textbooks in question were edited by asmall number of professors and senior high school teachers commissioned by thegovernment. Due to the complicated commercial and diplomatic relationship betweenQing China and England from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century andthe subsequent military cooperation between the KMT and the British government intwo World Wars, the editors of the history textbooks constructed many distinctiveimages of the objects to meet the educational goals and reflect the politicalconsiderations of the KMT government. Thus, the hetero-images of England and theEnglish in the history textbooks function as different mirrors which reflect not onlythe KMT government’s attitude towards England and the English in different eras, butalso the auto-images of Taiwan and the Taiwanese from the 1950s to the 1990s.