東亞迫遷法庭及台灣居住權運動現況與挑戰

A Report on the East Asia Regional Tribunal on Evictions and Reflections on the Housing Rights Movement in Taiwan

本文分為兩部份，第一部分回顧第一屆東亞區域迫遷法庭的籌辦背景，以及跨案件之合作經驗。在國際居住權運動中，迫遷與流離失所相關的經驗與論述，長期以來高度集中於全球北方與南方視野。因此，東亞區域迫遷法庭籌辦的目的，在於聚焦於東北亞與東南亞近年來迫遷案件，勾勒出東亞經驗與視角，探討區域社會面臨的挑戰。本文記敘此次運用「國際迫遷法庭」作為倡議行動工具，我們如何進行國際、區域、在地之交流，並發展跨地團結協力。第二部分，我們從區域與國際的倡議層次，回到台灣在地的居住權倡議行動。從兩次國家人權報告國際審查的經驗切入，概述我國現存的各種迫遷議題中，有產權者與無產權者各自面對的制度與困境。並指出居住權作為獨立、超越於財產權論述的人權框架，在台灣當下的行動議程中，有助於跨議題、跨個案彼此的串聯合作，並且提供一個發展想像與行動的支點，挑戰既有的發展主義與財產權論述。

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we review the preparation of the First East Asian Regional Tribunal on Evictions and the collective experience of all the cases at stake. In the wave of international housing rights movements, the empirical experience and discourse surrounding eviction and displacement is highly concentrated on the views of the global north and south. Therefore, the main purpose for holding the East Asian Regional Tribunal on Evictions was to focus on eviction cases in northeast and southeast Asia and to outline the views and experiences of east Asia. This article documents how the International Tribunal on Evictions has been used as a tool for advocacy actions, and how we develop international, regional, and local exchanges and develop trans-local solidarity. In the second part, we turn to the topic of advocacy actions for housing rights in Taiwan. Starting with the two international reviews of our National Reports on Human Rights, we briefly analyze the institutional limits and dilemmas that (petite) property owners and the proletariat face. The right to housing provides a framework for human rights which goes beyond the discourse of property rights. Under the current action agenda, the lens of housing rights contributes to solidarity and collaboration across issues and in cases of eviction. Moreover, this lens can be a fulcrum for developing alternative ideas and actions that challenge the existing discourse of developmentalism and property rights.