職場靈性、正念與心理調適——自我悲愍、自我嚴苛的雙重中介模式

Workplace Spirituality, Mindfulness, and Self-Adaptation - Dual-Mediation Model of Self-Compassion and Self-Harshness

本研究旨在檢驗自我悲愍與自我嚴苛在職場靈性、正念與心理調適間的中介效果。本研究以立意取樣調查法，針對不同職業的勞工，共蒐集683份問卷。研究者使用Mplus統計軟體，檢驗結構方程模式的整體適配度，並以誤差修正拔靴法檢驗結構方程模式中各別中介效果的顯著性。本研究發展的雙重中介模式能適當的解釋職場靈性、正念、自我悲愍、自我嚴苛如何預測勞工的心理調適。結果發現，自我悲愍與自我嚴苛在職場靈性、正念覺察與勞工心理調適間扮演重要的機制：自我悲愍是職場靈性與華人幸福感之間，完全的中介因素。職場靈性帶動自我悲愍，進而提升幸福感。此外，自我嚴苛是正念與心理調適之間，完全的中介因素。正念減低自我嚴苛，進而提升勞工的心理福祉。職場靈性結合正念能夠改變勞工對待自我的態度，進而影響身心調適。職場不僅是勞工薪資福利的來源，更重要的是他們健康幸福的重要因素。職場靈性為勞工自我悲愍的來源。華人文化強調嚴以律己，有自我嚴苛的傾向，進而引發常見精神疾患。而「恆守正念」可對治自我嚴苛。本研究針對研究結果進行討論並提供建議。最後對研究限制提出說明。

This research aims to investigate the mediating effects of self-compassion and selfharshness among workplace spirituality, mindfulness and psychological adaptation. The present researchers used a purposive sampling survey method. Participants were 683 fulltime workers in various industries in Taiwan. Using Mplus statistical software, structural equation modeling analyses with bias-corrected bootstrap method were used to examine the fitness of the hypothesized model and the mediating effects of self-compassion and selfharshness. The present researchers developed a model and the results showed that the model appropriately explained how workplace spirituality and mindfulness via self-compassion and self-harshness predicted psychological adaptation. The results showed that selfcompassion fully mediated workplace spirituality and Chinese happiness. In addition, selfharshness fully mediated the relationships of mindfulness to both Chinese happiness and common mental disorders. Workplace spirituality together with mindfulness shaped workers' self-attitude, which in turn enhanced their self-adaptation. The results suggest that workplace is not merely the source of workers' salary and benefits but vital factor of health promotion and happiness. As Chinese culture emphasizes harsh self-discipline, Chinese people are pronged to engage in self-harshness, which may lead to common mental disorders. With mindfulness, self-harshness tendency in Chinese individuals might be alleviated. Implications, recommendations for future studies, and research limitation were presented.