歷史小說與近代主義——再探施蟄存《將軍底頭》

History Story and Modernism-- Further Reflections on Shi Zhe-cun ‘s The General's Head

綜觀文學史，母題迭經不同時代，被作者再複述再創造，重寫（rewriting）為中國傳統流衍不輟的課題五四之後，重寫型小說越趨蓬勃，別於清代以前的新編，翻轉敘事與認知模式。本文以施蟄存《將軍底頭》（1930）為對象，尤其注意小說家的創作發展，和發表刊物場域，試圖剖析小說如何自前文本翻出一套新的敘事模式。認知模式再次解讀故事新編的歷史意識。就其形式美學。小說調和西方藝文技巧，歐化語體文與中國古典，透過近代主義轉化歷史小說傳統內容上小說家身處戰事頻仍的年代，華洋交涉，中外文學錯綜的藝文環境，人們如何面對小我與大我，程度上暗示上海人的處境。

Looking at the history of Chinese literature, rewriting is the topic in Chinese tradition. Some stories through the ages, which were rewritten and recreated by the authors. Those different ways were show in narration skills, ideas, cross-text and transculturality. After May Fourth Movement, historical fiction which changes narration and cognitive model before Qing Dynasty becomes more and more vigorous. This article takes Shi Zhe-cun ‘s The General's Head for example, then discusses narration skills and writing development of the writer, also returns to original published magazine to retold historical consciousness. From the form esthetic, those stories mix western skills, Europeanization and Chinese classic, and change the traditional of history narration by modernism. From text, the writer lives in the war years, how do the people face complicated environment between themselves? That implies Shanghai people's situation.