論《昭代詞選》的編纂意義與其對雍乾詞壇的建構

On the Significance of “Ci-Poetry Selection of a Venerated Dynasty” and Its Construction in the Ci-Poetic Society in the Yongzheng & Qianlong Periods

蔣重光（1708-1768）於乾隆三十二年（1767）編成《昭代詞選》三十八卷。選錄順治初年（1644）至乾隆三十一年（1767）間詞人576家，詞作3412闋。編者延續了順康詞壇對自度曲的寬容和對女性詞人重視的傳統；受萬樹《詞律》和《欽定詞譜》的影響，嚴於審音辨律，重視詞作的譜式格。律蔣重光選詞標準在於肯定詞體本色之「艷」，選詞上兼容詞作多種風格，故《昭代詞選》違逆時代風尚，試圖扭轉當時詞壇崇尚南宋雅詞的風氣，以選詞表達自己的審美主張。此外，《昭代詞選》推崇沈光裕與張玉穀，將二人比為當代之陳維崧、朱彝尊，期望將有共同詞學觀的二人推上雍乾詞壇的宗主地位；另一方面，《昭代詞選）》推尊標舉五代北宋詞風的小山詞人群，試圖與當時推尊南宋姜、張的雅正詞風相抗衡但《昭代詞選》終究不敵時代崇尚浙西詞風的影響，其嘗試與努力並未得到當時和後世的認同。

In the 32nd year of Qianlong (1767), Chiang Chung-kwong (蔣重光) had completed the compilation of Ci-Poetry Selection of a Venerated Dynasty (昭代詞選), a large-scale ci-poetry selection in the mid-Qing Dynasty with a total of 38 volumes, in which 574 ci-poets and 3,412 ci-poems from the 1st year of Shunzhi (1644) to the 32nd year of Qianlong (1767) were collected. From the aspects of compilation regulations and the construction of ci-poet groups in the ci-poetic society in the Yongzheng & Qianlong periods, this study aims to explore the position of Ci-Poetry Selection of a Venerated Dynasty in the history of the ci-poetry selection in the Qing Dynasty and the development of ci-poetry, and further discusses the influence of ci-poetry selection on the shift of literary culture. Chiang Chung-kwong attempted to exploit the ci-poetry selection to construct his own sovereigns (…宗主) of the Ci-Poetic Society in the Yongzheng & Qianlong periods by describing his friends Shen Guang-yu (沈光裕) and Zhang Yu-gu (張玉鼓) as Chen Wei-song (陳維崧) and Zu Yi-zun (朱口尊) in the Early Qing Dynasty, deliberately belittling the writers of the West Zhejiang School of Ci-Poetry (浙西詞派‑) in the Yongzheng & Qianlong periods and praising the ci school of Xiaoshan (小山詞社) among the feudal kings in Taicang. All of these moves were contrary to the mainstream theories that advocated Zhe School (浙派 ) and praised elegance and uprightness (雅王) at the time, which also caused Ci-Poetry Selection of a Venerated Dynasty to draw heavy criticism from later critics. The ci-poets selected in Ci-Poetry Selection of a Venerated Dynasty may not be the mainstream of the time; nevertheless, the contribution and effort that Chiang Chung-kwong had made to the construction of the ci-poet groups can still be regarded as an alternative voice that stood out in the ci-poetic society in the Yongzheng & Qianlong periods.