馬路如虎口：《申報》的上海車禍論述，1921～1937

Watch Out for Cars: The Car Accident Discourse of Shenbao in Shanghai, 1921~1937

汽車是現代文明的象徵物之一，然而，從汽車引進中國之初，並不是人人喜愛的便利物品。汽車的社會形象多變，除了文明象徵、奢侈品之外，亦為威脅民眾生命的「市虎」。本文以《申報》的「汽車增刊」與「自由談」、「本埠新聞」、「常識」之車禍報導、評論作一對比，觀察上海民眾對於「汽車」這一洋玩意的態度轉變。顯示了近代城市形成過程中，「人」、「車」的利益衝突，「人」已不再享有空間的優先利益，透過國家公權力的介入，尋求法規上的人車平衡，逐漸形成今天我們習以為常的交通觀念。

Cars have been the symbols of modern civilization. However, in the beginning of the introduction of cars in China, they had not been favorite things for everyone in Republican China. The social image of cars had been complicated, including the symbols of civilization, luxury goods, and the dangerous tigers in cities. This article had compared the car accident discourse with Automobile Topics Weekly and the other sections in Shenbao. It had shown the changed attitudes about cars of the Shanghai people, from rejection, compromise to searching for the regulative balance between people and cars. It also had shown the conflicts of interest between people and cars. The people had legally given way to cars in distribution of the urban space, and developed the habitual conception of traffic safety