防災社區自主性評估之探討

A Study on Evaluation of Disaster Resistant Community Autonomy

近年來全球受極端天氣與氣候事件影響，災害規模不斷擴大，災害頻率也急遽攀升，一旦災害規模超出過去歷史罹災經驗，恐導致中央以至地方政府無法全面並迅速地做出回應。台灣自2002年訂定社區防救災整體營造實施計畫起，陸續有公部門及協力團隊持續推動防災社區，期望使社區具「有防救災功能，並朝向永續發展」的能力，並避免其過度依賴公部門而相對降低防災社區效用。本研究藉由文獻探討及深度訪談法整理出防災社區自主性評估系統，再藉由層級分析法找出各面向及評估因素之權重。研究發現協助推動防災社區的專家學者、公部門及接受輔導的社區居民，認為防災意識及認同感對於防災社區自主性具較大影響力；反之，經費及資源對防災社區的自主性關聯較小。另，此評估架構之權重排序可提供公部門、學者專家及社區領導者未來推動防災社區的規劃參考，使其在有限推動資源及期程下，針對權重較高的自主性影響因素進行規劃或輔導，以強化防災社區自主性。

The purpose of the study was to find out the essential evaluation aspects and factors and analysis system of disaster resistant community autonomy. A depth interviews and Analytic Hierarchy Process methods was adopted to collect the data. The results revealed that the awareness of disaster prevention have greater influence on disaster-prevention community autonomy. In addition, the weighting of the assessment framework may serve as a guide for government, academia and community leaders to prioritize the planning of disaster-prevention communities to strengthen disaster prevention community autonomy.