我國地方政府永續發展政策產出與相關因素

Sustainable Development Policy Outputs and Correlated Factors of Local Governments in Taiwan

本文以K. E. Portney所建構的永續都市概念架構為基礎，從次級資料檢視與評估2010~2014年度我國地方政府推動的永續發展政策，藉以回答個別縣市在生態、經濟、社會面向以及整體永續發展政策的產出情況。其次，有些縣市對於永續都市的目標比起其餘縣市更為嚴肅以待，推動較多的永續發展措施而有較佳的政策產出，可能會與哪些人口統計特性、地方資源特性、居民暨職業特性以及環保傾向的地方政府特質有所關聯？整體而言，在永續發展政策的產出方面，研究發現整體平均達標比值約六成八，且台北市、新北市、桃園市、台中市、台南市、高雄市等六都比起其餘縣市並末佔有絕對優勢；各縣市的生態永續發展最為優越、社會永續發展次之，經濟永續發展的政策產出則最差。其次在地方政府特質方面，經濟導向的地方資源特性，如「失業率」、「房屋價值的中位數」、「人均政府支出」的高低，以及人口統計特性的「人口成長」、居民暨職業特性的「接受良好教育的人口」、環保傾向的「搭乘公共運輸系統上班的人口比值」等，都與我國地方政府的永續發展政策產出有統計上的顯著性。此外，地方政府的環境項目支出以及縣市長黨籍的政治因素並沒有預期中那麼重要，這顯示永續都市的目標既非金錢萬能，也不宜尋求政治選擇上的捷徑。

Based on K. E. Portney's conceptual framework for sustainable cities, this paper evaluates sustainable development policies promoted by local governments in Taiwan from 2010 to 2014. The ecological, economic, societal and general aspects of sustainable development policy outputs are examined, respectively, for each of the local governments. Do characteristics of demographic, local resource, population and employment, as well as environmental predisposition variables, correlate with the sustainable development policy outputs of each of the local governments? First of all, according to the statistical findings, the percentage of local governments that have reached sustainable development policy output standards is about 68%. In addition, the six municipalities in Taiwan (Taipei, New Taipei, Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung cities) have not performed better than the other local governments. Comparatively speaking, ecological sustainability is the top priority pursued by local governments, societal sustainability comes next, and economic sustainability is their final choice. Secondly, the findings show that the unemployment rate, the median value of housing, per capita government spending, population growth, the proportion of the population that is well-educated, and the percent of commuters using public transportation are all factors that correlate significantly with sustainable development policy outputs. Unexpectedly, the factors of total government spending on the environment and party affiliation of city mayors (or county-in-chiefs) do not play key roles in determining sustainable development policy outputs, which implies that local governments cannot achieve sustainability simply by relying on money or partisan alignments.