先秦儒學與艾資安尼新社群主義初探

An Examination of Pre-Qin Confucianism and A. Etzioni's Responsive Communitarianism

自由主義與社群主義的論爭，提供省思儒家政治思想形態的機會。而在比較儒學與自由主義方面，學者做了不少研究，但迄今學界仍鮮少注意儒家與新社群主義或「回應式社群主義」的比較。本文集中討論新社群主義代表艾資安尼的思想，並取之比論先秦儒家政治思想。本文主張先秦儒家與新社群主義的中道主張，既核心價值所形成的厚實社會秩序，又堅決捍衛個體的自主性，力圖平衡兩者是很有見地的。新社群主義與儒家的思想取向，既重視主體的挺立，也重視主體在社政領域的實踐，尋求既保障個體基本權利與自由，又支持集體共善的平衡中道。

The debate between liberalism and communitarianism provides great opportunity for one to reflect on the mode of Confucian political thought. Scholars have done many works on the comparative study between Confucianism and liberalism. However, not too many attention has been devoted to the comparative study between Confucianism and New Communitarianism or responsive communitarianism. This article focuses on the discussion on the thought of Amitai Etzioni and compares it with that of Classical Confucian political thought. This article holds that both Classical Confucianism and New Communitarianism believed in a middle way. Both of them value the strong social order shaped by core common values and, at the same time, they strongly defend the autonomy of individuality. The emphasis on the balance between social order and the autonomy of individuality are very insightful. In short, both of them emphasize the establishment of the self and the actualization of the self in the social and political spheres. They both seeks for a middle path that provides the protection of fundamental individual right and freedom on the one hand and the promotion of the common good on the other.