牟宗三先生對〈齊物論〉的理解──以《莊子〈齊物論〉演講錄》為範圍

Mou Zongsan's Understanding of“The Identity of Contraries”of Zhuang Zi—In According to His Lectures on “The Identity of Contraries” of Zhuang Zi

本論文針對二○○二年一月至二○○三年二月於《鵝湖月刊》連載的牟宗三先生《莊子〈齊物論〉演講錄》進行研究。由於授課之講演錄，在形式上並非一具結構的著作，故本論文試圖就牟先生散落於各講的論述中，為之作一整理與架構，並提出牟先生對〈齊物論〉義理之理解：首先，說明牟先生所理解的〈齊物論〉之關懷範圍與立論層次；再者，說明牟先生所理解的〈齊物論〉之義理型態。本論文企圖透過這兩個綱目，對牟先生的詳細闡釋給出一較具結構性的理路。由此，本論文提出：一、牟先生認為〈齊物論〉之義理表達的是一的凌虛智慧，此一超越層的智慧既不是經驗範圍內之事，也不能以思辨、邏輯的方式來掌握，而須以詭論的、非分解的方式才能得到相應的瞭解。而凡是以詭論、非分解的方式來表達的，皆是關於實踐之事。二、牟先生對此超越境界與絕對意義的闡釋，皆表示為化掉相對後非此非彼、即此即彼之一體平鋪的渾化境界，由此可知，牟先生認為〈齊物論〉中通過實踐所至的境界，是要就著具體當下而顯出的，超越境界與絕對意義不能超絕、隔離地來說，如此才是一渾融圓滿的呈現。

This paper is a treatise to Mou Zongsan's “Lectures “The Identity of Contraries”of Zhuang Zi, which was published as series in Legein Monthly from Jan. 2002 to Feb. 2003. As the transcription of lectures, this work by Mou was't built structurally. In this paper the author tries firstly to arrange and reconstruct Mou's argumentations in loci of different contexts, and then to raise my understanding. The major points of this study include: 1. firstly, I will explain the scope and dimension of the problematic in “The Identity of Contraries” in according to Mou's understanding; and then 2. clarify that which theoretical modus Mou's understanding belongs to. With this treatise the author will raise two points as our conclusions: 1. Mou consider the theoretical characteristic in “The Identity of Contraries” of Zhuang Zi as the wisdom in riding on high, therefore it can be understood only by paradoxical, non-analytical ways, but not empirical, speculative or logical ways. I. e. it is something of the practical one. 2. All Mou's interpretation to this transcendental dimension and absolute meaning is meant to solve the contrary relativities into a non-contrary, indifferentiated unity. For this reason, we can conclude that Mou is the opinion that the excellent dimension “The Identity of Contraries” appealed can be arrived through immediate, concrete praxis, but not through the transcend, isolated speculation.