人死稱鬼神──王充的鬼神觀

After People Die, They Are Named Ghost-Spirit: Wang Chong's Explanation of Ghost-Spirit

王充（27-100）為東漢有數之重要哲學家，所著《論衡》一書，以疾虛妄之精神批判時俗迷信之風。王充在〈論死篇〉中主張「人死不為鬼，無知，不能害人。」本文詳細探討王充相關之鬼神論述，分析其「陰陽稱鬼神，人死亦稱鬼神」的鬼神二名說法，以見其鬼神觀在中國哲學思想史上所具有的承先啟後之重要意義。

Wang Chong (27-100?) is one of the most important philosopher in the Han Dynasty. He raised the spirit of skepticism and naturalism to criticize the atmosphere of superstition in his famous work Lun Heng (Balanced Inquires). In the essay 'On Death', Wang Chong insists that man does not become a ghost at death, has no consciousness, and cannot hurt people. Ying and Yang are named ghost-spirit (gui shen). After people die, they are also named ghost-spirit. The author of this article offers a detailed discussion of Wang Chong's theory of gui shen (ghost-spirit) by analyzing the two different understandings of ghost-spirit, arguing that Wang Chong's interpretation of ghost-spirit played an important role in the traditional Chinese philosophy.