成玄英重玄理論下的工夫與境界──以《老子義疏》為中心

The Endeavor and State of Cheng Xuanying's Twofold Mystery Theory: Centered on Lao Zi Yi Shu

眾生皆稟有得之於道的正性、妙智，之所以「喪道乖真」而背離於道，一方面是因為「可欲」等塵境，「塵能敗根」；一方面又因為「貪求之欲」、「分別之心」而導致「根染塵境」，因此必須透過修養工夫以反本歸根，使復歸於得之於道的正性、妙智。然而「可欲」等塵境本是客觀的認識對象，是因心的妄執、躭染，才起美惡、善不善等分別，若能一方面體知塵境虛幻、諸法即有即空，而「即有體空」；一方面在心上作到無為、無心、無執，則「內無可欲之心，外無可欲之境」。其具體做法，便是透過虛忘的工夫，一方面要能「虛懷絕慮」、「至虛至靜」，一方面也要「體道洞忘」、「忘心遣智」，以「滌蕩六府，除遣五情」，消除生命的成見與負累。成玄英重玄理論的修養工夫，便是在前述基礎下，透過雙遣兼忘的工夫修養，先遣有使不滯於有，再遣無使不滯於無，既不滯有、亦不滯無，則非有非無、即有即無，謂之「一中之道」。然而一中之道並非最高境界，必須再遣除對「一中之道」的偏執與依待以透顯其靈照之妙智，並以此妙智照見虛通之理境，此時，「境智相會」、「能所俱深」，而呈顯為既能「以智照真」，復能「以真照俗」的重玄境界。

People are gifted with integrity and wisdom conferred by the Way. Being awry from the Way comes as, on the one hand, rotten roots caused by dusty desire in the secular realm, and, on the other hand, the secular realm contaminated by rotten roots as a result of insatiable desire and discrimination. To return to gifted integrity and wisdom conferred by the Way, one will have to head back to rooted nature through cultivation endeavor. The desire in the secular realm came as objective epistemic subject, yet obsession and indulgence led to beauty/ugliness and good/sin discrimination. If, on the one hand, one could grapple with the illusion of the secular realm, then he/she comes to realize that all principles be both existent and nonexistent, reaching the state of existence while realizing the emptiness. On the other hand, one has to have no desire either internally or externally by letting things take their own course without intentions and obsessions. The operational practice is through the endeavor that hollows obsessions out – one has to not only accomplish extreme serenity by hollowing out intentions and thoughts, but also let go of desire and anxiety in order to clear cumulated infatuation and burdens in life, thereby cultivating wisdom and reaching the Way. Building upon the fore-mentioned notes, the cultivation endeavor under Cheng Xuanying's Twofold Mystery Theory reaches the Via Media Way through dual ways that not only come across but also go beyond the existence and non-existence. Yet the Way of the Via Media is by no means the highest state of the Twofold Mystery. To reach such state, one has to take further steps to release the obsession of and reliance on the Via Media Way, allowing for the joint venture of the realm and wisdom, thereby singling out the state of the Twofold Mystery that not only reflects purity via wisdom but also reflects secularism via purity.