孰能逍遙？──由向郭注「逍遙」義進一步思考莊子之「逍遙」

Who Can be Carefree (Xiao Yao)?── A Further Meditation on ItsMeaning in Zhuangzi throughthe Interpretation of Xiang-Guo's Commentary

向郭之注《莊子．逍遙遊》，於「逍遙」一義之詮釋，重在以「適性」之說，證成「小大雖殊，逍遙一也」之旨，此說實與莊子本義乃明「至人之心」與「無待之逍遙」有別，故引發後世學者之討論。然而，向郭所欲建構者，乃一人人得以同登逍遙之理論，此一問題在莊子哲學中當如何解答，亦值得加以考察。本文藉向郭逍遙義所展示之異於莊子逍遙本義的理境及其未圓滿處以問莊子，看莊子哲學中「無待之逍遙」究竟單屬於「至人」，或亦人人可致？希望藉著這樣的思考，進一步確立莊子哲學的高度以及向郭逍遙義的價值。

In Xiang-Guo's Commentary of “Xiao Yao You” (“Enjoying the carefree”) the first chapter of Zhuangzi, their interpretation of the phrase “Xiao Yao” (the carefree) put emphasis on “carefree in tune with nature” (Shi Xing, 適性), to prove that “Even things have different sizes in appearance, they could all achieve xiao yao. (小大雖殊，逍遙一也) ” This is obviously different from Zhuangzi's spirit of “ the heart of perfect man (至人之心) ” and “carefree without dependence” (無待之逍遙). Therefore it raised the discussions of scholars of later generation. However, what Xiang-Guo would like to construct was a theory that everyone can achieve Xiao Yao. How this question should be answered based on Zhuangzi's philosophy—this is also worth to investigate. With Xiang-Guo's different understanding and critique on Zhuangzi's xiao yao, this essay aims to study that the “carefree without dependence” in Zhuangzi's philosophy is only for “Zhi Ren” (the perfect man) or for every human being. From this deliberation, I would like to confirm the highness of Zhuangzi's philosophy and the value of Xiang- Guo's interpretation of Xiao Yao.