從黃宗羲《明儒學案》的評語見其心學意涵

The Xin's Meaning of Huang Zong-Xi's Ming Ru Xue An

本黃宗羲以心學的一氣之伸展、一氣之流行，做為學術的正統，而為王學的殿軍。其承繼著蕺山學，以堵住宋明理學的一些流弊，主要的流弊，除了流於禪學之外，尚有二，第一，以朱子學心與理為二，點不出道德實踐的根源──心的能動性、主宰性，故黃宗羲強調本心良知切合於當下實踐。第二，堵住「見在良知」之流弊，因為若依「見在良知」的講法，則不做工夫（以悟為工夫終是想像邊事），以情識為良知，弊病不小。依以上之弊病，黃宗羲做出一些防堵，指出學問之正統，而開出氣論的心學思想。

Huang Zong-Xi viewed spread and pervasion of Yi-Qi as the orthodoxyof systematic learning. He inherited Qi-Shan School and blocked someabuses of Neo-Confucianism. The main abuses, in addition to degeneratinginto Chan Buddhism, has two other kinds. Firstly, Zhu-Xi School separatedXin (heart) from Li, (principle) thus did not point out the origins of moralpractice – the mobility and dominance of Xin. So Huang Zong-Xiemphasized that Ben Xin (innatemind) and Liang-Zhi were fitting forimmediate practice. Secondly, Huang blocked the abuse of “ImmediateLiang-Zhi”. For according to theory of 「Immediate Liang-Zhi」, one caneffortlessly get Liang-Zhi (To take Awakening (Wu) as effort is eventuallyimaginary). There were many drawbacks in taking Liang-Zhi as emotionalinstinct. According to above-mentioned drawbacks, Huang Zong-Xi putforward some blockades and pointed out the orthodoxy of learning, thusfounded the Qi Theory of Xin-Xue (doctrine of the heart).