方法論下的春秋觀：朱子的春秋學

Understanding the Chun Qiu in According to Methodology -- Zhu Xi's Interpretation

朱子以事件為解《春秋》的方法，質疑以義例解《春秋》的效果，這些是朱子《春秋》學基本觀點，本文就在分析這些問題。傳統解《春秋》是藉條例以知事件的意義，朱子則不然，盡去這些條例，認為從事件入手即已足夠解釋經義。可是事中之理，未必的當，於是尋求事外之理，此時已漸漸從敘事解經，轉向義理通經，這是方向的改變；從見事明義，轉向以義斷事，這才是方向的逆轉，也是朱子解《春秋》的方法所在。從本題可延伸至下述兩個問題：事件與意義：經由敘事者敘述，同一事件因事件位置、敘述語言，會有不同的意義，未必如此確定見事即何知義。義例與意義：義例顯然是讀者追尋作者之意而發展出的解經方法，每一條例，其後均有價值判斷，逐條分析，可見出後代解經者的思想內涵。

Zhu Zi interpreted Chun Qiu based on event. He doubted the effect of interpreting Chun Qiu by meaning. This is elementary perspective of Zhu Xi's Chun Qiu. This paper discussed these issues. Traditional interpretation of Chun Qiu was to discover meaning by way of examples, Zhu Zi didn't think so. He pointed that by way of event was enough to interpret meaning, but the reason must not be proper. So searching for reason hidden in event was gradually transformed into interpreting “Jing” by descriptive event. Transforming of interpreting Jing by reason was the change of direction. From explaining meaning by event to determining meaning by event, that was sharp turnover of direction. That was methodology of Zhu Zi's interpretation of Chun Qiu. Following this issue, it could expand two topics, i.e. event and meaning. By the description of narrater, the same event could lead to different meanings because of position to the event and the used language. It could not be assure that event must be matched to certain meaning. Second: examples and meaning. Apparently, examples are the methodology developed by reader's searching for author's intention. Every examples represented some kinds of value judgment. Interpreter's content of thought could be discovered by analysis of every examples.