從王學的流弊看康德道德哲學作為居間型態的意義

Kant and the School of Wang Yang-ming: from Correction to Mediation

對於王學流弊的成因，學界討論已多，本文希望藉康德對自由與道德法則之先後之思考，提出一較新的看法。吾人認為，王龍溪及羅近溪的工夫入路，都是從自由契入，而且此自由是化境下的本心之自由，是聖人境界；以此作為入道途徑，而不先之以對道德法則的體悟，是不能免於蕩越的。又牟宗三先生說，以康德的道德哲學和儒學比較，康德是朱子與陸、王間的居間型態，吾人順此意作進一步思考，認為康德的說法，對於儒學此兩大系，或可以有作為中介橋梁的意義。

It is true that there are already a lot of works on the cause of the negative aspect of the School of Wang Yang-ming. In terms of Kant's thesis of the methodological priority of moral principle over freedom, this paper will develop a new explanation. Briefly, both Wang Lung-hsi and Lo Chin-hsi granted a primacy to freedom. For them, the freedom of the manifested original mind is nothing but the stage of the sage. However, such an approach can only end up with indulgence. In addition, accordion to Mou Tsung-san, Kant's philosophy signifies a middle position between Lu Hsiang-shan and Wang Yang-ming's philosophy, on the one hand, and Chu-hsi's philosophy, on the other hand. It will show that Mou's idea can help us to develop a new way in synthesizing these two philosophical doctrines.