王陽明心學中之「無心」的意義

The Significance of Wang Yangming's Concept of “No-mind”

王陽明晚年之嚴灘問答被視為究極之說，其中之無心具有重要之意義。本文先檢討宋儒對無心之看法，可知宋儒尚未以無心作為一思想上重要之主題。以此為背景，可以了解無心在陽明心學中之地位。其次，整理分析陽明文獻裡關於心之本體的敘述及其理論結構，以確立無心在其思想中之涵義，最後闡釋無心之心學特色。無心之概念可合理說明王陽明心學之本體與工夫的同質性，無心不僅是工夫的實踐，亦是本體之自由的表徵。同時，也可說明王陽明之心學具有融攝釋道之可能性。

“No-mind” is a commonly used word in the teachings of Taoism and Ch'an Buddhism. Generally speaking, it is used as an expression of a transcendental or completely tranquil situation of mind. In the Neo- Confucianism, we can find that “No-mind” was not regarded as an important thesis among the Sung scholars. Nevertheless, it was a very important idea in Wang Yang-ming's philosophy of mind. This paper tries to analyze the meaningful structure of “No-mind” and its distinguished function in Yang-ming's thought. In conclusion, through the concept of “No-mind”, we could get a good understanding of Yang-ming's ultimate achievement. Meanwhile, theoretically, it is reasonable to say that Yang-ming's interpretation of “No-mind” could gain access to the unification of Taoism and Ch'an Buddhism.