法藏判教思想中頓教的特色及其異說

The Characteristics and Later Disputes of Immediate Teaching in Fa-zang’s Doctrinal Classification Thoughts

判教在中國有悠久的傳承，可反映不同時代與不同觀點下佛教研究的情形。關於華嚴宗判教：小、始、終、頓、圓，五教之歷史傳承，及其與天台宗四教之比較，早已備受討論。有關頓教在華嚴宗判教中之地位及其意義，學者間常有不同看法。
基本上，此問題可從華嚴宗之一切現象相互包涵的觀點，以及五教間之關係來研究。本文首先探討法藏對頓教的說明，以了解頓教之概念，包括「離言」、「空與有」、「理與事」之特殊涵義。其次就頓教作為「能詮之教」與其「所詮之理」的問題，比較法藏與慧苑、澄觀三人之觀點。再進一步參照今人唐君毅以辯證的思維方式，說明頓教在華嚴宗判教的地位及其必要性，同時檢討吳汝鈞的質疑是否合理。經由比較分析，可知頓教不只是說法的形式或方法而已，而且有其理論內容，可表現華嚴宗圓融無礙觀之完整的發展歷程。

Doctrinal classification has long lineage in China and can reflect the status of Buddhism research in different times and viewpoints. In regard to Hua-yen School’s doctrinal classification: hinayāna, primitive teaching, final teaching, immediate teaching, complete teaching, the historical lineage of these five teachings and their comparisons to Tien-tai School's four teachings have been well discussed. As to the position and the meaning of immediate teaching on Hua-yen School's doctrinal classification, there have always been different viewpoints among scholars.
Basically, this question can be studied from Hua-yen’s viewpoint that all phenomena are inter-encompassing and from the relationships among the five teachings. First of all, this paper will study Fa-zang’s explanations about immediate teaching, to understand the concepts of immediate teaching, including the special meaning of “apart from language”, “emptiness and existence” and “principle and phenomenon”. Secondly, it will compare the viewpoints of Fa-zang, Hui-yuan and Cheng-guan on immediate teaching as a teaching that explains the Dharma truth and the Dharma truth it explains. Furthermore, this paper will explain the immediate teaching's position on the doctrinal classification of Hua-yen School and its necessity referring to Tang Jun-Yi's dialectical thinking. Through the comparison and analysis, immediate teaching can be known more than a form or a way of teaching and also has its own theory that can demonstrate the complete development progress of perfect interpenetration without obstruction of Hua-yen School.