當代新儒家的感通論

Contemporary New Confucian Thought of Sympathy

本文處理當代新儒家牟宗三、唐君毅與徐復觀的感通思想。儒學的感通論包含了「道德的感通」與「氣化的感通」。陰陽交感是氣化感通的典型，易體的活動則是道德感通的原型。這兩種模式的競爭不僅代表著儒學感通思想的轉折與發展，更包含了生命態度的某種確定。當代新儒家的感通論遵循的是道德感通進路。對他們來說，仁是感通的核心理念，它不僅是道德實踐的動能，還包含了自我、對他及對天道（內在、外在與超越）的三種面向。這三種面向表現了水的潤澤意象（牟宗三），盡孝的血緣意象（唐君毅）以及仁與力的跨文化對比（徐復觀）。

This paper aims to deal with the thought of sympathy of Contemporary New Confucians Mou Zongsan (1909-1995), Tang Junyi (1909-1978) and Xu Fuguan (1904-1982). As one of the most important Confucian concepts, “sympathy” contains two meanings. The one is material (e.g. the interaction of yin and yang), and the other is moral (e.g. the activity of yiti). Contention over these two meanings or modes not only is a representation of transitions and developments of Confucian sympathy, it also encompasses a determination in the manner of life. Contemporary New Confucian thought of sympathy abides by the latter. For them, humaneness is the core concept of sympathy. It means not merely the energy of moral exercise, but includes three dimensions, namely “sympathy of self,” “sympathy between the self and others” and “sympathy between the self and the dao.” These dimensions are expressed as the moist image of water (Mou), the consanguineous image of filial piety (Tang) and the transcultural contrast between humanness and power (Xu).