都市再發展與新自由主義治理的經驗模式：以台北車站特定專用區之開發為例

Urban Redevelopment and Neoliberal Governance: Empirical Model for (Re-) Developing the Taipei Main Station Special District

在經歷了高度的經濟成長後，東亞的全球城市到了1980年代後期也面臨後工業轉型的壓 力，紛紛仿效資本主義國家之全球城市，以新自由主義化的都市發展政策與大規模的都市 （再） 開發計畫來引領城市的再結構。而這個時期，台北的空間發展已逐漸飽和，為了回應城市經濟 的轉型與國家積累的危機，提出都市更新方案與台北車站特定專用區的更新計畫來引導台北舊 區的再發展。因此，本文藉由台北車站特定專用區的開發過程作為經驗分析案例，來討論發展 型國家轉型下的公、私合夥關係與權力競逐是如何打造出新治理情境下的都市再發展模式。本 文指出，國家機器雖欲藉由私人資本的力量來加速推行都市更新，卻因民主化的過程中的選舉 政治而無法以英、美城市的公私合夥形式來執行，反而由地方政府與國營企業主導了這個開發 計畫的執行過程；高度政治支持的開發計畫以及與市場斷裂的開發內容亦無力吸引大型資本， 進而衍生出由公部門主導房地產開發的一種都市再發展形式與治理模式。

Numerous global cities in East Asia, including Taipei, have faced serious global competition and crises relating to economic restructuring since the late 1980s. Similar to what has occurred in Western cities, these East Asian cities have proposed neoliberal urban policies and large-scale urban (re-)development projects to resolve these economic and urban development crises. Development projects in the Taipei Main Station Special District (TMSSD) are masterpieces of urban redevelopment in Taipei City that have occurred under the intertwining processes of neoliberalization and democratization. This study analyzes the development of the TMSSD to clarify how neoliberal policies have been institutionalized to drive property-led urban redevelopment. This study seeks to devise an empirical model of urban governance in Taipei by examining how power struggles between the state and market have been exercised, and attempts to identify what agencies have become the central agents that are developing the neoliberal city.