公共選擇與環境風險設施管制政策工具的選擇

PUBLIC CHOICE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACILITY CONTROL POLICY INSTRUMENT CHOICE

具有環境風險特質的設施或土地使用，常會形成所謂的鄰避設施。然對於此類設施的管制工具選擇，常因資訊不充足、風險防治成本－－效益的不確定、不同的土地使用特性、政治力與相關公共選擇行為的介入，使管制工具的評估與選擇工作非常複雜。故本文乃欲藉由經濟均衡分析法，結合Weitzman（1974）的不確定性成本－－效益分析，Pigou的外部性理論與Coase的財產構理論，融入公共選擇理論，以四個案例情境系統性的探討與選擇適於管理環境風險設施的管制工具。分析之結果發現，不管是價格或量的管制工具，皆無所謂的絕對最佳管制工具，而須視風險防治成本－－效益的函數形態、公共選擇行為及居民的環境風險認知與環保抗爭特性，選擇適用之管制政策工具。

Where the land-uses or facilities with potential environmental risk characteristic are often to be regarded as NIMBY facilities. It makes the control instruments choice of these facilities to be extraordinarily complex according to insufficiency in information, uncertainty in risk reducing cost-benefit, variety in land-use types and the interference of related public choice behaviors. Therefor, the main purpose of this paper is to employ the economic equilibrium analysis method to discuss how to select appropriate control instruments of environmental risk facilities. To this purpose, this paper incorporates with the uncertainty opinion and public choice theory, and using four case studies to investigate the risk control instruments choice with the viewpoint of cost-benefit analysis. Whether we chose price or quantity control instrument, it is found that there dose not exit any what is called the best or unique control instrument, but depends on the marginal cost-benefit function pattern of risk reducing and the risk perception attitudes of resident.