都市住宅社區形式與居民被害恐懼感關係之研究

A STUDY OF COMMUNITY TYPES AND RESIDENTS' FEAR OF CRIME

透過環境設計的觀點來預防犯罪，其目的在預防並減少犯罪行為的發生，在心理層面則是減少居民被害恐懼感的程度。本研究主要是探討在不同都市住宅社區形式的居民對於社區實質環境特性、社會活動意識的認知與被害恐懼感之間的關聯性。本研究選取三種社區形式來作為實證調查基地，分別為封閉式社區（衛道社區）、半開放式社區（黎明社區）、開放式社區（楓樹社區）。研究採取結構式問卷進行資料收集，共661份有效問卷。研究結果顯示：1.封閉式社區的居民其恐懼感程度最低，半開放式社區次之、開放式社區最高；2.三種社區形式其居民對環境安全屬性和社區社會活動屬性的認知亦不相同。3.社區形式與居民對環境安全屬性的認知會影響被害恐懼感，其中以社區形式、不文明符號、空間辨識性、情感聯繫與外來活動者之屬性的認知對被害恐懼感的影響解釋力較強。

The goal of 'crime prevention through environmental design' is to prevent and reduce criminal behavior. From the psychological perspective, the function is to reduce the residents' fear of crime. This study explored the relationships between the cognition of environmental features and social activities of the residents living in different types of urban community and the level of fear of crime. This study selected three types of communities, they were enclosed-type (Wei-tao community), sub-opened type (Li-ming community) and opened type (Feng-shu community). According to the literature review, the research model and variables were built, using structured questionnaire to collect the survey data. The effective total subjects were 661. The conclusions were as follow: 1.The level of fear of crime of enclosed-type community was less than that of sub-opened type and opened type. The cognition, which effected the sense of fear of crime in the three types of communities, had significant difference. 2.The cognition of the features of physical environment and social activities was different among three community types. 3.The community type, the cognition of the features of physical and social environment such as incivilities, spatial legibility, visual accessibility, emotional relation and outsiders of community were the most related to the fear of crime.