「光明」與「黑暗」──明代寺廟圖像中的社會文化

Brightness' and 'Darkness'─Social Culture in the Images of Ming Dynasty Temples

宋元以來的寺觀壁畫中不乏有關社會生活的情景，其內容繁雜，描繪了當時的社會風貌、生活習俗以及建築形態，是了解當時社會形象的好材料。然而這些寺廟圖像大多描繪社會「光明」的一面。但是，哪一個社會沒有「黑暗」的一面？沒有一個社會只有光明和善，而沒有黑暗醜陋。是以本文企圖從明代寺廟圖像中，找出呈現社會「光明」與「黑暗」的畫作，並討論之。其結果顯示，透過將明代社會文化中的「光明」與「黑暗」面兩兩相對比，更能平衡以往我們對明代社會美善和諧的單一映像。一個社會不可能只有光明而沒有黑暗。透過本文即看到明代社會的光明與黑暗，交織成一個完整的明代社會。

Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties in the murals of the templethere is no lack of social life on the topic, the theme of the complex,depicting the social customs and habits at that time, is to understandthe social image of the good material. However, most of thesetemples depict the 'bright' side of society. But which society has no'dark' side? This paper attempts to find out the paintings of 'bright'and 'dark' from the images of Ming Dynasty temples and discussthem.The result shows that by contrasting the 'bright' and 'dark'aspects of Ming society, it is possible to balance the stereotypedimages of the good and the harmonious society in the Ming Dynasty.A society can not only be bright without darkness. Through this study,we can see the bright and dark society of the Ming Dynasty, andweave into a complete society of the Ming Dynasty.