唐律為維護「家內秩序」之立法規範分析－－以「尊卑相犯」為例

The Analysis of the Legislations for Maintaining Family Order in the Tang Code

本文主要是針對唐律中的「尊卑相犯」立法規範為例，做出研究，俾能更完整地呈現出唐律為維護「家內秩序」相關立法規範之風貌。經過本文的初步整理，《唐律》中關於規範「以尊壓卑」的律文共有18條，而關於規範「以卑犯尊」的律文凡30條；在同一條律文中，既規範「以尊壓卑」又規範「以卑犯尊」的律文則有14條，故扣除重複者可知，《唐律》一共用了34條律文來規範「家族內親屬相犯」的法律問題，約占整部《唐律》中的6.77%(35/502)，其比例頗高。而透過針對這些律文的剖析，本文初步釐清了《唐律》關於懲治家族之內「尊卑相犯」的處分規範，大致有下列四項原則：以尊壓卑，減輕其刑；以卑犯尊，加重其刑；夫妻相犯，伸張夫權；家內醜聞，告訴乃論。

Generally speaking, traditional Chinese law emphasized the etiquette of family relations and family sectionalism. This trend is obvious in Tang Code. I had analyzed the legislations for family ethics in the Tang Code in my book: Between national law and family etiquette-the legislations for family ethics in the Tang Code. I have found no matter what the legislations for maintaining family ethics, the lenient regulation on family benefits basis, when a family member broke the law, even all his family would be punished and when family members were accomplices, the head of a family was the only one who should be punished. All these aspects are presented the main goal that is ”families regulated, the states well governed; the states well governed, the whole world will be peace and tranquil.”It would be worth while to analyze the sequence of and its impact on the legislation family ethics in the Tang Code. These legislations can be divided into five categories: condemn for individual acts of violence between elder and junior, condemn for an act of violence between master and servant, condemn for incest, condemn for family members were accomplices and covered up a crime for a family member is not guilty. I have the last two categories analyzed in my book. In this research, I plan to research the rest of three categories. This paper leads to further discussion about issues on state legislation and regulation help to maintain family ethics in the Tang Code.