太宰治『千代女』試論——獨白的兩面性

Dazai Osamu’ s Fiction－Tiyo—The dualism of monologue

昭和十六年六月發表的『千代女』，雖然是太宰治「女性獨白體」（「女語り」）的作品之一，但由於長久以來被視為「「女性獨白體」中較不重要的作品」，因此在研究論文中極少有獨立的作品論。目前的先行研究多時主角—「和子」定位為沒有主體性的存在，心情隨著他人的評價起伏不定。但是，這種毫無主見的人物造形在太宰的作品之中極為罕見。因此，本稿以「自我意識」為焦點進行考察，並藉由作者太宰治自身的（芥川賞落選）經驗加以佐證，試圖重新詮釋「和子」的人物造形。分析手法，首先順著「和子」12歲至18歲所發生的事件分析「和子」的心理狀態。接著將太宰〈芥川賞落選〉後的心境與故事中的「和子」加以比照驗證。經由這樣的考察後證實，「和子」雖然表面上不斷說著貶低自己的話，儼然像個（自我不信〉的人，但事實上通過「和子」的回想，我們不難看出在「和子」的內心深處確實對自己的「文才」藏有一種〈自負〉。故事的結尾，「和子」為了成為「女流作家」而拼命壓抑自己「空想」（「虛構」）的才能，煩惱著是否應配合當時盛興的「寫實」（見たところ感じたところ、そのまま書く）風潮。「和子」這樣的人物造形事實上正與三次錯過〈芥川賞〉，苦惱著是否應為了生活而隨著文壇潮流改變其寫作風格的太宰頗為相似。如此，「千代女」乍看之下，像是述說一個「低能文學少女」因周圍大人的評價而心情起伏不定的故事。但在細細品味斟酌之後，不難發現，這篇故事的背後隱藏著一個「自我意識過剩」的「天才少女」因其自我理念與文壇風潮的不合而近乎喪失心智的身影。

Among Dazai’s works of “Woman Monologue”, Tiyo, which was published in June, 1941, has been being regarded as “obscure and hard to understand”, “an unimportant work in ‘Woman Monologues’”. Therefore, it is rarely criticized as an individual work.According to the literature review., Kazuko is a character without self-awareness and easily affected by other’s opinions psychologically. However, it is extremely unusual that Dazai creates such a character without definite view of one’s own. Therefore, focusing on “self-awareness”, this paper analyzes Tiyo relating to the “Movement of Writing for Life” and the trend of “Realistic Writing” at that time.The analysis focuses on Kazuko’s psychology. Reviewing the events took place between her 12 and 18 years old, it seems that Kazuko is a “diffident” person for she always degrades herself. While, in fact, through her recollections, it is not difficult to find out that Kazuko does have a great “self-esteem” for her “talent” hiding in her innermost.Finally, the analysis also links to the event that Dazai missed the chance to win “Akutagawa Prize”. Because of the losing of Akutagawa Prize, Dazai had to change his writing style and follow the trend of that time in order to make for a living. In the letter (1938) to his friend, he wrote in a deep grief that “the lying Dazai, though often makes people think him of, can never live on it (lying)”. Dazai’s suffering on whether he should cater to the trend of realistic writing, just coincides with Kazuk’s oppressed feeling, which came from the oppression of her “creational” talent in order to be a “female writer” at that time.On a glimpse of Tiyo, it seems to tell a story about a “weak-minded literary girl” who is greatly affected by adult’s opinions. While after a careful consideration, it is not difficult to find that it, in fact, is a story about a “genius girl” with “superfluous self-awareness” who almost lost normal mental state for her view is out of the swim.