從語錄體來談《論語》的價值

The value of quotation in Analects

歷來，學者針對《論語》的體裁，分別有「論說文」、「語體」、「語錄體」等不同稱呼，但實際上它們指的都是語錄體的形式，有著紀錄先師話語與說理的特徵。雖說這樣的體例，在論述結構上仍有其侷限，然按全書篇目的結構安排來考察，仍可見《論語》在語句上的多樣性。其中，篇目結構上趨簡的特徵，可追溯至先秦記言、記事的史書載錄方式。而特殊處在於，這些善說都是孔子說過的話，都是門人從老師那聽來的格言。本論最後，從「作品」、「作家」、「讀者」三個面向探討《論語》語錄體的價值，從中發現，這樣凝鍊的語句，不但有助於人們記誦，更發展出漢語中為數不少的成語。藉著對話的形式，反覆加深思考，形成別於西方宗教的型態，而有中國深層文化的內涵。也因著「作品」的微言，使「讀者」在探索層層大義之中，實踐了落實自身的方向。

There are several normative forms in Analects, such as the Argumentation, the Yu-Styled and the Quotation. The common feature among the three forms are to record Confucius wisdom words. Although there are certain limits under the constructure of the book, we can still see its variety from Analects. One of the feature is that Analects keeps words simple. This feature was the way that historiographers recorded importants events and words of the dynasty which could be traced back to the Pre-Qin Dynasty time. Especially, these aphorism of the nature-good humanity were the words said by Confucius and recorded by his disciples. Finally, studied value of the Analects quotation in three points of view-＂text＂, ＂writer＂, ＂the Reader＂ and we can find simple style comes into more Chinese proverb. In the end, we found that these concise and refined words are very easy to remember by discussing from three main perspectives with ＂texts,＂＂ ＂writers,＂and ＂readers.＂ It also helped to create many modern Chinese proverbs for nowadays. Apart from the type of western religions, the conversations in Analacts help reader to think deeply on its philosophy and its intension. Therefore, ＂readers＂can find their meanings behind Confucian aphorism in Analects and finally put these found meanings into practice in their lives with their own directions.