正始儒者──傅玄的荀學思想闡微

Confucian in Zhengshi Reign Period: A Detailed Exploration into The Xun Zi's Doctrine Contained in Fu Xuan's Thought

魏晉時期的儒學相較於玄學，是較為黯淡而退居幕後的，但儒家思想卻沒有因此而停頓，事實上，在魏晉時期儒學自身也在思考著它應該選擇哪種儒學資源作回應，以及思考著自身該如何前進。正始時期玄學開始興盛，而其間以儒家思想為本位的傅玄，就是值得探究的對象。本文從天人關係、人性論、禮法思想三大面向去深入考察傅玄的思想，論證傅玄的思想幾乎是與荀子之學相通的。不惟如此，傅玄尚比荀子重實際，更講求外王之道，可以說是大談天人有分、正心信義與教化，尤其又對禮法之學有所專長，故究其歸旨應屬儒家中的荀學無疑。如此不僅印證了《四庫全書》將《傅子》歸於子部儒家類的正確性，還更深入地分析檢證傅玄的儒家思想其實就是荀學。而我們或許也可以說，這種重視群分、知通統類，重視學習教化、禮法相濟的，不就正是魏晉時期儒學所必須借重的理論學說嗎？那麼在魏晉時期裡能一展長才的儒學主張、並站穩儒家立場的─應該就是儒家中的荀學了。

During the Wei and Jin dynasties in Chinese history, Confucianism was under its dull period and out of mainstream, compared with metaphysics (Xuan Xue), but the development of Confucianism didn't stop. Actually, during the Wei and Jin period, the Confucian school was also thinking of which kind of Confucianism resource should be chosen to respond to the situation and where Confucianism should advance? During Zhengshi Reign Period, metaphysics (Xuan Xue) started to get thriving, while Fu Xuan's thought was based on Confucianism, and is an object worthy of our exploration. This study tries to make an in-depth exploration into Fu Xuan's thought from three aspects, i.e., the relation between human and nature, the theory of human nature, the thought of etiquette & ritual and law, and demonstrate that Fu Xuan's thought and Xun Zi's Doctrine are interlinked. Furthermore, Fu Xuan stressed more on practice and the art of governance, zealously advocated righteousness, integrity, etiquette & ritual, music and education, and was especially good at the study of etiquette & ritual. Therefore, it is reasonable to reckon that Fu Xuan's thought derives from Xun Zi's doctrine. The result of the study verifies that to classify Fu Zi as the Confucianism in the Zi Sector of Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature is correct. The deeper analysis in the study shows that the Confucian thought of Fu Xuan is actually Xun Zi's doctrine. We may also say that the thought emphasizing grouping, broad knowledge, coordination, education and the combination of etiquette and law is the very theory that Confucianism in Wei and Jin period relied upon. Therefore, the Confucianism that could be put its.