胡適新紅學的考證方法探析──〈紅樓夢考證〉初稿到定稿

Discussion on Hu Shih’s Textual Research Method of New Redology —Textual Research of A Dream in Red Mansion From First Draft to Final Copy

《紅樓夢》討論的熱潮，從其成書迄今，已經延續了兩百四、五十年之久。而在如此大量紅學的論述及研究當中，顧頡剛、俞平伯等人首先標舉出胡適的〈紅樓夢考證〉，將其視為紅學研究的一個重要的分界點，並以此區分出新紅學及舊紅學。學界亦普遍接受此一說法，但對於胡適〈紅樓夢考證〉究竟相對於之前的紅學有何「創新」卻多半論之不甚詳，而出於習慣性地襲用此說。胡適〈紅樓夢考證〉乃是針對紅學「索隱派」而發，主張以文獻實證的「考證」來取代文本附會解讀的「索隱」。胡適雖有使用新方法的意識，卻未有實際操作的經驗，因而檢視其從形成假說，中間經過資料蒐集的反覆推論，最終形成定說的過程，對於方法學上有著重要的參考價值。胡適撰寫〈紅樓夢考證〉從初稿到定稿前後經兩次修定，期間大量更有關於此文考證資料的書信問答以及其所撰寫的筆記，這些資料開啟了我們觀察胡適「新」方法建立過程的視野，也能更加細微地討論「新紅學」的優點與缺失。

Since its birth, the masterpiece of A Dream in Red Mansion has been discussed for almost two hundred and forty or fifty years. Among these numerous discussion and study on redology, Hu Shih's textual research of A Dream in Red Mansion is selected by Gu Jie-gang and Yu Ping-bo in the first place and is considered as a pivotal cut-off point, which distinguishes new redology from old redology. Although this claim has been accepted generally in academic circles, there is little detailed knowledge about what kind of innovation Hu Shih's textual research of A Dream in Red Mansion boasts. Most people habitually take over such claim. Hu Shih's textual research of A Dream in Red Mansion derives from redology Figurists and advocates textual research of empirical literature rather than figurism of making a strained interpretation of a text. In spite of the awareness of adopting new method, Hu Shih had no actual practice experience. Thus, it is of great reference value for methodology to inspect the process from the development of his hypothesis and the repeated reasoning through data collecting to the formation of final copy. The textual research of A Dream in Red Mansion, from first draft to final copy, underwent two revisions with a large amount of question-answer letters as well as written notes related to the textural research, all of which broaden our horizon of observing the establishment process of Hu Shih's new method and allow us to discuss the merits and flaws of the new redology more carefully.