杜甫夔州〈雨〉詩十二首研究

Du Fu Kui zhou rain poem twelve research

杜甫（712－770）一生，約有一千四百五十首詩歌，其中又以夔州時期所創作的詩歌數量最多，成就最高，考察杜甫詩歌題目中帶有「雨」字的，就有四十餘首，而夔州時期，純粹以「雨」為題的詩歌，更高達十二首，其中原因及意義為何？本文嘗試深究。〈雨〉詩十二首各具風貌，內容多樣，融合夔州山水景觀，以及風俗民情，用以表達杜甫個人的心志及日常生活情狀，主題各異，有關懷國家時事的，也有暗寓世道昏暗不平的，以及感嘆自身滯留夔州，失意不得志的。藝術手法方面，善用感觀摹寫，主要是聽覺和視覺二者，又富有動態美感，無論是時間動態或空間動態，更廣徵典故傳說，賦予詩歌浪漫與想像的瑰麗色彩。至於〈雨〉詩十二首的主題思想，則有關懷社會、感時神傷，透露出杜甫人道主義的思想層面，又惟歌生活，自我抒懷，排遣身處於夔州抑鬱苦悶的心情。

Du Fu (712-770) life, approximately some 1450 poetries, creates by the kui zhou time poetry quantity are most, the achievement is highest, inspects in the Du Fu poetry topic to have ”the rain” the character, has 40 heads, but the kui zhou time, take ”the rain” as the topic poetry, reaches as high as 12 purely, reason and significance why? This article attempts goes into seriously. The poem 12 each style, the content is diverse, the fusion kui zhou scenery landscape as well as the custom public sentiment, with expresses Du Fu individual will and the daily life situation, the subject varies, has the concern country current event, also has the dark house way of the world dim not to be uneven, as well as sighed that own detention kui zhou, is frustrated is successful. The artistic technique aspect, makes good use of the feeling view facsimile, is mainly the sense of hearing and visual the two, is also rich in the dynamic esthetic sense, regardless of being the time tendency or the spatial tendency, drafts the literary reference fable broadly, entrusts with the poetry to be romantic and imagination magnificent color. As for poem 12 main thoughts, then has time the concern society, the feeling the downcast, discloses the Du Fu humanitarianism thought stratification plane, also only the song life, expresses feelings, dispelling boredom places in the kui zhou despondent depressed mood.