清代台灣詩學的玉山書寫──以陳夢林〈玉山歌〉〈望玉山記〉為中心

Taiwan Poetry on Yushan Mountain in Ching Dynasty —Meng-Lin Chen’s Ode to Yushan and On Gazing at Yushan centered

有清一代，漢人既慨嘆玉山險峻困阻，又驚於惡蟲侵襲與野番雜居，是以玉山有寶的傳聞雖始終不斷，又或是玉山為天下美景的記載仍舊，讓人嚮往，但玉山始終是漢人難以登臨的高峰。於是乎，玉山就在充滿神秘，且資訊不足的情況之下，進入了漢人的官方記載之中。但是反過來講，玉山之難知不可親近，也促成了諸多文學性的想像，清代詩人描繪其山勢壯美，雲彩峰迴，乃至於誇大其為仙境寶地等等。更有甚者，一代接著一代的詩人雅士不斷地歌詠玉山，玉山不但因此成為詩文創作的題型，同時也成為台灣文學史的一環。而我們追本溯源，會發現陳夢林有關玉山的詩文著作，往往有著開創性的指標性質，清代詩人或援引其作，推陳出新，又或是套用其句，依襲其意，都代表了在臺灣詩學中的玉山書寫，陳夢林實乃居於重要的關鍵地位。本文的研究，即是先以清人對玉山的認知為框架，作為歷史背景，然後由詩學的角度，分析陳夢林詩文的影響層面。

In Ching Era, while Chinese immigrants wondered the treacherous challenge of climbing Yushan Mountain, they feared the ferocious animals as well as aborigines occupying it. This caused incessant rumors of treasures hidden in Yushan. Meanwhile, despite of continual documentation of the rare beauty of Yushan that attracted people from afar, Yushan Mountain remained a peak nonnegotiable to Chinese immigrants. As a result, Yushan Mountain became part of the official documentation by Chinese immigrant with plentiful mystery and in an information-lacking condition. On the other hand, however, the inapproachability of Yushan also gave rise to a deal of literary imagination. Poets in Ching dynasty depicted its majesty and beauty of clouds and peaks and went so far as to fake a wonderland of it. The literates from generation to generation kept celebrating Yushan, which thus became a subject of literary creation as well as a link in the history of Taiwan's literature. When we review, we will find that most of Meng-Lin Chen's writing about Yushan bore the signature of originality. Chen's significance in Taiwan's poetic writing about Yushan Mountain was always exemplified by Ching poets' re-creation by citing his works or imitation of his idea by quoting his passages. This paper has the historical background which uses the cognition people in Ching Dynasty about Yushan Mountain as the framework before analyzing the influence of Chen's writing from the angle of poetry.