張岱筆下的女性移動──以《陶庵夢憶》為例

Zhang Dai described the movement of women─for example TAO AN MENG YI

回憶往往是對已經消逝，或正在消逝的物事的緬懷。身為明遺民的張岱，親身目睹且經歷了一個歷史上的瞬間：甲申之變。清兵入關、改朝換代，異族統治下讓他從晚明奢華生活中的紈袴子弟，一轉而成隱居山林的遺民野人。在纏綿於過去與現實的是夢非夢之間、在懷著忍辱偷生的糾結心情之下，尚視息人世，為世人留下了不朽的志業－－《石匱書》與《陶庵夢憶》等作品－－因傳統儒家忠烈氣節對士人潛移默化的影響，不恥屈身受辱仕於新朝，轉而隱遁山林、著書立說，自是明遺民們得以彰顯其生命價值、人格認同的管道。張岱身為晚明小品文之集大成者，在其著作《陶庵夢憶》中，重構了晚明江南生活的一切－－風土民情、山水園林、人物論贊、器技雜志，方言巷詠、嘻笑瑣屑之事等，莫不絢麗多姿、歷歷在目。他不僅為自己過去的行跡留下了記錄，也為歷史及後人留下了可供旁證及欣賞的管道，尤其是對小人物細節上的著墨，更是隱含了作者的鑒賞眼光以及個人心志的投射。本論文即以張岱《陶庵夢憶》中此一特色，試從張岱眼中的女性群體與對個別特例女性移動現象的描繪，分析當時女性被張岱所記錄下的種種姿態，以窺見社會風潮及心學潮流影響下，對士人與庶民百姓風靡濡染的晚明社會，以及投諸在寫作之間所溢現出的士人感懷。

Memories are often already gone, or disappearing of some kind of nostalgia. As the Ming Dynasty of Zhang Dai, witnessed and experienced a moment in history: Monkey of the change. Qingbingruguan, regime change, alien rule him out from the late luxury living children in the white silk hakama, a transfer from seclusion of the mountains Dynasty Savage. Lingering in the past in a dream and the reality of the non-dream, between the tangled feelings With live with shame under the interest rate is still as dead, left the world of the immortal chi industry - ”Shi Kui book” and ”TAO AN MENG YI” and other works by the traditional Confucian Valiant - integrity of the subtle influence of the literati, shame that lean toward the new humiliated Shi instead reclusive mountain, literary onslaught, naturally Ming Dynasty were able to demonstrate the value of life, personality recognition of the pipeline.Essays of the late Ming Zhang Dai as a master, in his book ”TAO AN MENG YI”, the reconstruction of the late Ming Jiangnan - life all the people and culture, landscape garden, the characters on the praise, device and technology magazine, dialect Wing Lane, trivial things such as laughter, everyone colorful, vivid. He not only for his past deeds left a record, but also left behind a history and circumstantial evidence and appreciation for the pipeline, especially for the little details of Zhumo, it is implicit in the author's perspective and personal appreciation of their efforts toward the projection.The paper that is Zhang Dai, ”TAO AN MENG YI” in this feature, try the eyes of the women from Zhang Dai groups and the phenomenon of women moving of individual special case depicted, the analysis of Zhang Dai was recorded by women all the attitude, to get a glimpse of social unrest and mind the trend under the influence of scholars and ordinary people swept Ruran the late Ming society, as well as various investment emerged in the writing of scholars between the overflow Thanks for the Memories.