試析蘭嶼達悟族創生神話的思維

The Thoughts Analysis of Lanyu Tau Genesis Myth

達悟族居住在距離臺灣東部約有四十海浬的小島上，是臺灣唯一一支離島的海洋民族。因為接近漢人時間較晚，以及地理隔絕的因素，保留了相當的原始文化。在達悟人的口傳文學中，創生神話所呈現的多元紛雜面貌，一直是眾所皆知的，創生神話可看待成他們理解世界的方式，其中飽含經驗的傳承與豐富的想像。歷來學者辛苦廣搜原住民的神話故事，為我們提供了大量口傳文學異文的資訊，但少有集中探討某一族群的祖先，他們所口耳相傳流布於今的智慧。因此本文筆者擬就付梓的文獻紀錄，探討達悟人關於島嶼、人類生成的創生神話，並且連結實際歷史事實與社會心理，盼能解析其神話情節背後的文化意義。

Tau, lives on an island far from Eastern Taiwan around forty nautical miles, is the only one maritime race of offshore island. Because of the later touches with Han and the geographically isolation, Tau was able to keep their original culture. From literature spoken by Tau, the Genesis myth shows a variety of cultural appearances which has been well-known (by people). The Genesis myth shows the way how they thought and felt about the world. It also contains their ancestors' abundant experiences and imagination. Scholars have been wildly collecting aboriginals' myths. That provide us abundant information of the spoken literature, but they seldom concentrate on any tribe's ancestors and the wisdoms they passed the torch to us. Therefore, I try to analyze the Tau's myth about the island and how human beings being created from nowadays documents. Based on the history fact and social psychology, I try to analyze the culture meaning behind the myth.