臺灣婚俗「回門」儀式淵源探微

Research on the Origin of the ritual“returing home”of Marital Customs (回門) in Taiwan

本文主要探究臺灣婚後禮「回門」儀式之內涵及根源。文中先就清代修治臺灣《方志》，日治時期及近代載錄臺灣婚俗之書作一考察，明臺灣婚俗有「回門」儀式，且往往視「回門」即為「歸寧」。繼而就臺灣歷史發展脈絡，探究本地風俗之源，知臺灣婚喪禮節多源自閩粵，與中國文化傳統一脈相承，且尤受文公《家禮》所影響。而就本文欲探究之「回門」儀式的根源發展看來，此儀式見載於文公《家禮》，然歷代循之不廢的《儀禮》婚儀不見，且經籍史傳所載之「歸寧」禮亦不同於「回門」。職是則明，今謂「回門」即「歸寧」者，誠與歷代經籍史傳所載不同；且觀歷代載禮之書，則自《家禮》始錄有「回門」之儀，自明代首見於官方禮書之中；至清，則有「回門」、「歸寧」二者混用情形。總而觀之，有以為「回門」初始乃為民間習俗，至明代則有久俗成禮之跡。

The main purpose of the article is to research on the contents and origin of the ritual ”returning home” of Marital Customs (回門) in Taiwan. First of all, I observed and studied the records of Local Histories during the period of the Ching Dynasty, Japanese occupation and the Republic of China, and the ritual ”returning home” of Marital Customs almost prevails in Taiwan, being regarded as the Married Women's Birth Family Visit. Furthermore, the customs of Taiwan was in succession to the Yellow River culture and affected deeply by the Wen Gong Household Rituals (文公家禮). But the ritual was just recorded by the Wen Gong Household Rituals and not found in Decorum Ritual (儀禮). The ritual ”Returning Home” of Marital Customs is rather different from Married Women's Birth Family Visit among the classics, nationality histories and biographies. As a result, the meanings of the two words were not the same in early days. Above all, the ritual was written by the Wen Gong Household Rituals first and was recorded in official ritual book since the Ming Dynasty. In addition, the ritual was mixed with the practice ”Married Women's Birth Family Visit” since the Ching Dynasty. In a word, I think the ritual ”returning home” of Marital Customs is just a folk custom in earlier time, and becomes an official ritual in the Ming Dynasty.