孔廣森《大戴禮記補注》的思想取向

Kong Guangsen's Dai De Lijing add annotation of Thought Mindset

《大戴禮記》本與《小戴禮記》皆為漢代禮學的傳記，其學術地位、聲望是相當的。但於東漢之後、清代之前，乃沉寂了相當的時間，且其學術地位並不突出，期間為《大戴禮記》作註解的，唯有北周盧辯一家，可知學界對《大戴禮記》的重視，明顯是不如《小戴禮記》的。但到了清代，禮學受到學者重視，而《大戴禮記》在這股思潮中，亦重新為學界所檢討，乾嘉時有戴震、盧文弨、孔廣森、汪照等為其注釋，在考據學方法的運用下，《大戴禮記》研究有了相當的進展。而晚清則有孫詒讓、王樹枏為其校正、正誤，總的來說，清代《大戴禮記》學的成績，無異是多方面超越前代的。本文試通過孔廣森《大戴禮記補注》的三個議題，即「孝」、「明堂」、「陰陽」等，進而探討《大戴禮記》重要之思想趨向，其中牽涉到與禮學相關的儀文、祭祀、典制、倫理等，甚至天人、心性、陰陽之觀念，由此亦可導出《大戴禮記》豐富的思想理論。而孔氏之思想觀點大致是可與漢代學術相呼應，與清代禮學亦有聯繫，故其書實頗有獨特的價值與意義，可視之為清代研究《大戴禮記》的重要典籍之一。

Dai De Lijing and The Classic of Rites are both ritualistic records ofcomparable academic reputation in the Han Dynasty. The former, however, doesnot receive much scholarly attention from the Eastern Han Dynasty to thebeginning of the Qing Dynasty. During such a long period of time, Lu Bian ofthe Northern Zhou Dynasty is the only academic who annotates Dai De Lijing. Itis therefore clear that the academe focuses more on The Classic of Rites and lesson Dai De Lijing. Only until the study of ritualism resurges in the Qing Dynastydoes Dai De Lijing regain its place in the scholarly world. The book is annotatedby scholars such as Dai Zheng, Lu Wenchao, Kong Guangsen and Wang Zhaoduring the reigns of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) and his son, the JiaqingEmperor (1796–1820). With the methodology of textual criticism, muchprogress is made in the research on this book. In the late Qing Dynasty, there areSun Yirang and Wang Shunan who make emendations to it. In general, the studyof Dai De Lijing in the Qing Dynasty represents a great advance on those of theprevious dynasties in many aspects.The present study attempts to explore the main strands of thought in Dai DeLijing and thereby identify the various theories it contains through three issuesin Kong’s Dai De Lijing add annotation, that is, ‘filial piety,’ ‘ming-tang (brighthall),’ and ‘yin and yang.’ These issues involve practices related to ritualism,such as ritual texts, worships/sacrifices, rules/regulations, and ethics, or even theconcepts of heaven and human, mind and human nature as well as yin and yang.Kong’s ideas and thoughts largely echo the academic research in the HanDynasty and also relate to the study of ritualism in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore,Kong’s work has its own value and significance that can be considered as one ofthe important scriptures in the Qing Dynasty to study Dai De Lijing.