婦女與鑒戒──以朱熹《資治通鑑綱目》中的先秦婦女書寫為討論核心

Women and Warning: Feminist Writing of Zhu Xi's Zi Zhi Tong Jian Gang Mu in Pre-Qin Dynasty

朱熹借鑑《春秋》書法以筆削舊史，故在編修的過程中，多有寄寓精意於字裡行間， 以達到「鑒戒昭」之目的。本文歸納朱熹《資治通鑑綱目》中的先秦婦女書寫，或過錄 《資治通鑑》，或增益改編，發現朱熹所關懷的婦女議題有二，包括婚嫁事宜、後宮干 政。《資治通鑑綱目》中關於先秦婦女婚嫁事宜之書寫，或仇家聯姻，或不行婚禮，大 體承襲自司馬光《資治通鑑》，足見史家意見之相同。於後宮干政之書寫，《資治通鑑綱 目》不僅止於過錄《資治通鑑》所載，且有進行增益、改寫，如廢長立幼、牝雞司晨、 智數險詐、提拔外戚之記載。朱熹屢屢記載此類事件，實因朱熹目睹光宗朝李皇后對朝 政帶來禍害之始末，故有在史書中貶斥後宮干政，以為當世之鑒戒。

Zhu Xi has imitated Chun Qiu's writing technique to write Zi Zhi Tong Jian Gang Mu. Therefore, the book contains Zhu Xi's purport and warning. Having discussed the feminist writing of Pre-Qin dynasty in Zi Zhi Tong Jian Gang Mu, copied or amended from Zi Zhi Tong Jian, the author of the present paper has found Zhu Xi's concern about the issue of marriage and the powerful role of women in governing the country. The vast majority of the narrative of marriage in Zi Zhi Tong Jian Gang Mu is taken from Zi Zhi Tong Jian, which emphasizes the same opinion that these two historians hold. However, as for the issue of women having powerful role in the country of the time, Zhu Xi both has taken from the Zi Zhi Tong Jian and added some parts to it, which gives a more comprehensive look on the issue. Having investigated the above mentioned issues about the women, the present paper then incorporates the following four categories: the young king on the throne, the importance of female governor, womens's conspiracy and the act of promoting relatives. The reason why Zi Zhi Tong Jian Gang Mu has emphasized the role of women especially the ones in power is because Zhu Xi experienced the “Nv Huo” during Guang Zong's reign, and he would like to criticize this phenomenon and give emperor and courtiers a warning.