臺灣圍棋發展史上的擺渡人：從沈光文、田村達太郎到吳清源

The Main Contributors in the Development History of Taiwan Go: From Shen Guangwen, Tatsutaro Tamura to Wu Qingyuan

臺灣今日對圍碁發展的了解，大約都是以戰後吳清源為起點，對於戰前，甚至日治以前臺灣圍棋的發展，大多直接追溯中國歷代圍棋發展，既「不知有清，更遑論日治」（借自陶淵明桃花源記「不知有漢，更遑論魏晉」）。但真是如此嗎？本文的焦點並非從臺灣圍棋發展的歷程來煦煦論述，而是透過自明末清初以降到二次戰後此一長 時期的圍棋發展過程中，三位「圍棋擺渡人」的探討，更簡潔來重建與評價這段期間， 圍棋在臺灣社會的發展與其間扮演著關鍵性角色的人物，乃本文最主要的目的所在。 本文藉由「擺渡人」這一概念，來探討臺灣史上圍棋發展的三大轉折期，並以不同轉折期的三位主要人物對臺灣圍棋發展的貢獻，釐清其歷史定位。從結論來看，明 末清初沈光文意外渡臺帶進傳統文人的棋藝文化，而清末日初的在臺日人田村達太郎 則奠定臺灣近代圍棋的基礎，二次戰後初期吳清源再次渡台提攜後進，並成為東亞圍棋發展的擺渡人。此三人在不同歷史時期，實各有其關鍵性的地位和角色。

Today, for the development of Taiwansʼ understanding of Go, mostly in the second World War Wu Qingyuan as a starting point. So for the Second World War, and even before the Japanese colonial rule, the development of Taiwan Go, mostly ignored, and directly trace the history of the development of Chinese history Go. (Not to mention Han, let alone Wei and Jin). But is that so? The focus of this paper is not to go through the development of Taiwan Go, but rather to try to reconstruct the three major contributors in the course of the development of Go from the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty to the early stage of the Second World War. And the evaluation of this period, the development of Taiwanese society and key figures in the meantime, is the purpose of this article. This paper explores the three turning points in the development of Go in Taiwan history by the concept of “ferryman”, and clarifies its historical position by the contribution of the three main characters in different turning stages to the development of Taiwan Go. On the conclusion, Wu Qingyuan is just one of the “ferryman”, and before that, the development of Taiwan Go has been a considerable development. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, Shen Guangwen provided territory, and during the Japanese colonial period, Tatsutaro Tamura laid the foundation. After the second world war, Wu Qingyuan ascended the peak, and these three historical figures played their respective key roles.