中國傳統樂器演奏傷害研究──國中國樂班學生之探討

Playing-related Problems with Chinese Instruments: the Analysis of Chinese Music Students in Junior High Schools

音樂家由於長時間的反覆練習或演奏，容易產生演奏相關之肌肉骨骼疾病，以致影響其演奏表現；然而，極少研究針對國樂樂器演奏者的演奏傷害進行探討，特別是針對青少年演奏者。故本研究的目的在於調查國內主修國樂之國中生曾經歷演奏相關之肌肉骨骼損傷的現況和相關因素，並根據樂器類別做進一步的分析探討。共計57 位就讀南台灣地區之國樂班的國中生接受問卷調查。結果顯示主修國樂之國中生曾罹患演奏相關之肌肉骨骼損傷的盛行率為54.4%。其中以主修彈撥樂器者的盛行率最高（62.5%），其次為主修拉弦樂器者（56.5%）和吹管樂器者（33.3%）。受傷種類以關節疼痛和肌腱發炎居多，受傷部位則以手指受傷所佔的比例最高，其次為肩膀。曾受傷者的主要症狀為疼痛，其嚴重程度與憂鬱有顯著的正相關。此外，年齡、練習前是否進行暖身活動、平時是否有規律運動的習慣、增加練習時間以及練習較困難的曲目為可能導致受傷的危險因子。另一方面，多數學生在受傷後未接受適當的醫療協助，也未採取策略預防再度受傷。因此，國樂音樂教育應與醫療專業共同合作，及早提供演奏傷害的相關課程，並學習適當的預防策略以及受傷後的適當醫療處理原則，才能有效維持國樂演奏者的身心健康與演奏表現。

Musicians are at risk for playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) due to long-termrepetitive practice, which can have significant effects on performance ability. To date, however,there has been relatively little research conducted on PRMDs in Chinese instrumentalists,especially adolescent musicians. The goal of the present study was to characterize PRMDs inChinese music major students of junior high schools and to identify the risk factors. Fifty-sevenstudents of Chinese music classes from junior high schools in southern Taiwan were surveyed tocomplete two self-report questionnaires. Results showed that 54.4% of the students reported havinghad PRMDs. The highest prevalence was found in plucking instrumentalists (62.5%), followed bythe string instrumentalists (56.5%) and blowing instrumentalists (33.3%). The most commoninjuries involved joint pain and tendonitis, primarily in fingers and shoulders. Pain was thepredominant complaint of all students who had experienced PRMDs, and there was a significantpositive correlation between severity of pain and depression. Older age, lack of warm-up exercisesor regular exercise habits, increased practice time and practicing more difficult repertoires werefound to be potential risk factors associated with developing PRMDs. Moreover, the majority of students did not consult medical professionals about their PRMDs, and also did not adoptprevention strategy to avoid recurrent injuries again. Therefore, to promote physical and mentalhealth of young Chinese instrumentalists, it is important to provide curriculum and preventionprograms regarding PRMDs, including proper medical counseling and possible treatments afterPRMDs.