台北市平宅女性單親家長就業動機之研究

A Study on the Work Incentives of Single-Mothers at a Low-Income Community in Taipei

本研究以焦點團體資料蒐集的方式，探討居住在台北市三個平宅女性單親對脫貧的看法，進而瞭解其就業動機的強弱。其研究結果發現：一、福利依賴與居住時間有關：入住平宅兩年內之女性單親怕被標籤的心情，且福利依賴較高；入住八年至十年後的福利依賴較少，但觀念中還是有福利依賴。二、工作意願方面：福利津貼低於生活所需及有同儕同事相互支持者，工作意願高；福利津貼高於生活所需及子女幼小者則工作意願低。三、參與脫貧方案方面，就業動機強且想脫貧者會參與職前訓練意願高；政府的就業機制及專業訓練，會擴大就業機會及降低失業率，反之，則參與脫貧方案興趣低。根據研究發現提出三點建議：一、促進有工作能力未就業者就業。二、有工作才有福利。三、福利措施應採衡平策略以利就業誘因。

This study, based on focus- group data collecting, explores how the single-mothers in three ofTaipei low-income communities (LIC) deal with anti-poverty, and further investigates thesewomen’s motivations in working. Our findings are listed as below.I. Dependence on social welfare vs. dwelling timeFor fear of being labeled as low-incomers, single mothers, who have lived in LIC for less thantwo years rely on social welfare. After dwelling in LIC for 8-10 years, even though they stillhave it in mind, those single mothers become less dependent on social welfare.II. Willingness to workFor those whose welfare subsidies are insufficient for living expenses, and have supportivepeers around, the single mothers are willing to work, whereas for those women whose welfaresubsidies are sufficient for living expenses, and have young children at home, they are lessmotivated in working.III. Participation in anti-poverty programFor those who have strong incentives for employment, the single mothers are willing to takeprofessional training, Good employment programs and professional training provided by thegovernment increase employment opportunities and lower unemployment rates. Similarly, without well-coordinated mechanism, single mothers take little interest in participation.Based on our survey, the author would give three suggestions.1. Assist the unemployed professionals in hunting jobs.2. No work, no welfare subsidies.3. Welfare policy should adopt balanced strategies to increase the employment incentives.