以社會生態學模式檢視日本高齡者運動政策與方案

Application of the social ecological model to analysis the Japanese older adult exercise policy and programs

本文針對臺灣與日本高齡者運動促進政策發展，進行比較分析並提出具體建議。採用文獻分析法，檢視我國與日本高齡者運動健康相關策略，透過社會生態學的視角，比較臺灣及日本高齡者運動政策、法令及方案。結果：1.政策：日本對於健康及運動介入並重，臺灣較偏重高齡者健康照顧福利而輕運動；2.社區：日本讓社區自主運動永續發展，臺灣側重由政府主導辦理；3.機構：日本自中央到社區都有專責單位與成效標準，臺灣較不明確；4.人際因素：親子、鄰里運動與高齡同儕培訓是日本特色，臺灣也有朝向此發展的狀況；5.個人因素：日本運動方針奠基於針對國民健康運動行為調查分析的結果，而臺灣目前在該類基礎調查與運動方針尚待發展與累積。我國應優先考慮整合高齡專責機構，鼓勵學術研究機構投入高齡者的健康與運動基礎調查，建構出以社區高齡者自主為基礎，永續發展的政策方案。

In this study, a comparative analysis older adult exercise policy and programs between Taiwan and Japan, and make specific recommendations. This study adopted literature analysis to bring out Taiwan and Japan older adult exercise health related strategies through social ecological model. Based on our analysis showed that Japan's intervention both for health and exercise, Taiwan tended to emphasis much on health care benefits rather than exercise. From a community perspective, Japan pay more attention to community-dwelling older adult to foster the development of independent sports programs, rather than by the government-led model in Taiwan. In interpersonal perspective, they have some common program, especially in peer instructor training and empowerment. The personal physical activity recommendations are constructed by professional organizations in conformity with longitudinal investigations and policy amendment in Japan, and Taiwan is currently in in fledgling stage. We advocate that the government should support and encourage continuing academic institutions engaged in basic research in order to investigate the amount of physical activity and sports-related conversion policy foundation for the community of voluntary exercise groups. These findings could offer evidence basics for the government in Taiwan to develop the exercise promotion policy and project of older adults.