東亞地區青少年的身體形態與體能變化之相關研究──1980年代和2000年代的比較檢討──

Research of Children's Physique and Change of Physical Fitness in East Asian countries-Comparison study of the 1980s and the 2000s

本研究以1980年代和2000年代的日本與韓國青少年的身體形態及體能的變化做實施檢討。且於同時期的研究報告指出、東亞青少年的身體形態與體能調查結果發現臺灣和韓國青少年的多數有肥胖傾向也影響體能展現。在日本和韓國的比較上，以2753名的國中和小學在學學生為檢測對象。比較檢討之檢測項目為身體形態的身高與體重2項和體能檢測的50公尺快跑與立定跳的2項目中發現，青少年的身體形態之身高與體重有大幅度的增加但體能方面於統計上卻呈現相反地有意水準P<.05之低落現象。因此在經過約15年之間，確認出青少年的身體形態雖變大但體能卻有低落的現象。此外發現確認臺灣和韓國青少年的體能要素中的握力等靜態的肌力表現對坐姿體前彎等的柔軟度無影響，但50公尺快跑與立定跳等的動態的肌爆發力之能力上卻呈極壞的影響。因此，由這些結果而言，臺灣和韓國青少年的肥胖傾向是可確認的，更期待從改善青少年的身體狀況為教育上必要的指導措施。

This research was carried out in order to consider children's physique and the change of physical fitness in Japan and South Korea of the 1980s and the 2000s. Moreover, when children's physique and physical fitness of East Asia were investigated simultaneously, an overweight tendency shown in many of children of Taiwan and South Korea gave the bad influence on physical fitness. The subjects were 2753 children who were elementary schoolchildren and junior high school students of Japan and South Korea. We compared Japanese children with South Korean children. We examined two items of height and body weight as physique and two items of 50m running and standing broad jump as physical fitness. In comparison with 15 years before, children's physique became larger, but physical fitness was significantly decreased. The obese children in Taiwan and South Korea had no influence on static muscle strength as grip strength and flexibility as sit-and-reach. They have bad influence on capability of dynamic muscle power as 50m running and standing broad jump. As these results, it was suggested that education and instruction are important in order to improve overweight tendency in Taiwanese and South Korean children.