英國海洋能源法規與發展──以蘇格蘭為例

The Development of Marine Energy Laws and Regulations in U.K. — Scotland as an Example

近年來氣候變遷（Climate change）越演越烈，許多地方開始出現極端氣候的現象，不少生物環節也因為氣候變遷而改變。全球各地開始正視氣候變遷的問題。各國積極地發展不同的再生能源（Renewable energy）以減緩地球暖化的速度，並提升自己國家的能源安全（Energy security）。以臺灣而言，目前具有發展潛力的能源技術包括：風能（Wind power）、太陽能（Solar Energy）、生質能（Biological energy）、地熱能（Geothermal energy）、海洋能（Marine energy）、氫能與燃料電池（Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells）。
臺灣為一海島型國家，擁有豐富的天然資源，適合發展多樣化的再生能源，符合環境永續發展之目標。我國與英國的相同之處，是我們皆為四面環海的海島國家，具有海洋能源發展之特質，故海洋能源可作為多樣性再生能源發展的目標之一。本文將針對英國暨蘇格蘭政府海洋能源發展為例，首先說明英國暨蘇格蘭在海洋能源發展上的背景及近況，而後談到相關的海洋能源示範區如何設置，最後介紹相關的政策法案及發展計畫。
我國能源局從2008年起，便開始投入研發海洋能源，但成效仍因技術問題而受到限制。此外，我國能源除了再生能源發展條例，海洋的相關法規有海岸法，環境上有環境評估法，相關影響產業有漁業法等；雖然有法規運作，但在發展上相當不健全，也無特別的實際行動。故希望透過研析英國暨蘇格蘭海洋能源發展之經驗，以突破我國當前海洋能源發展之阻礙，做為未來海洋能源發展之參酌。

To combat with climate change, has been a global cooperative object. And many nations are adopting renewable technologies and policies not only as important means to mitigate the effects of climate change, but also to improve the energy security. In Taiwan, several renewable energy technologies, such as wind powerenergy, solarenergy, biomass, geothermalenergy, marineenergy and hydrogen energy and fuel cells, are with great potential to be deployed in Taiwan.
Taiwan, like U.K., is an island with great potential of natural resources to deploy renewable energies achieving environmental sustainability, in particular the use of marine energy. This paper aims to survey the recent developments of marine energy policies in U.K. and Scotland, with the focuses on its policy and legislative development, the initiation of its marine energy demonstrative zone, and relevant legislative details.
The Energy Bureau of MOEA, Taiwan, has devoted resources to marine energy’s research and development since 2008, but the development of marine energy is still limiteddue to technology restrain. Moreover, the deployment of marine energy in Taiwan is also facing legality limitation, such as the complex implications among marine coast laws, environmental impact assessment laws and fisheries laws. By surveying the marine energy laws and policies in U.K., this paper hopes to provide a good reference for future development of marine energies in Taiwan.