從科學完整性與政治完整性之應有分際概論我國環評審查制度之缺失

Comment On the Legal System of Environmental Impact Assessment in Taiwan - Based on the Theories of Scientific Integrity and Political Integrity

以科學作為規範制定與政策決定之依據，係近年來行政法制日趨普遍之現象，因為其確實可以提供規範制定者與政策決定者相當具說服力之規範說理與政策說明，也符合人民對專業政治之期待與要求，提升了權力部門決定之合理性與正當性。然而，在這不可避免的發展趨勢中，對於科學利用之應有分際，對於決策者究應如何使用科學研究成果以做為規範依據，方才符合規範應有之要求以及正當程序價值必要之落實，卻往往為人所忽略，甚而造成科學可能有的政治化，形成權力部門操控科學、甚至影響科學評估分析的結果。本文因此藉由比較法制之介紹，從其對於科學完整性與政治完整性之要求，檢視我國現行環評制度在制度組織上與程序上可能有的缺失，以提供國人參考，期冀能有助於我國環評制度之完善。

It is an unavoidable trend for the government to enact regulations and make decisions based on science in the modern environmental regulation era. It also becomes a common language for environmental management to use risk assessment as an effective regulatory analysis, also a fundamental basis, to make informed decisions to the public. However, evidence can show that the agency has incentives to manipulate science as an effective shield against outside attacks. Scholars have been questioning the politicization of science. Therefore, this paper will use the comparative study approach to introduce what “scientific integrity” and “political integrity” mean, their relationship, their functions and limits, and the need to apply due process values among the science-based decision-making process. Based on these basic understandings, this paper will further examine the current existing legal system of environmental impact assessment in Tawian, point out its shortcomings, and propose some suggestions for its improvement.