從父母的居住安排探討臺灣家戶類型及其功能

Examining Taiwan’s Household Types and Their Functions fromthe Perspective of Parents’ Living Arrangements

依照Sussman 的建議， 本研究旨在探討家戶類型對代間支持交換之影響。居住安排與婚姻狀況被用來歸類家戶類型， 與父母同住者被命名為「與受訪者同住」， 其餘被分類為「與受訪者之已婚兄弟姊妹同住」及「其他」。臺灣社會變遷2006 年調查資料顯示， 50% 左右的受訪者是與父母同住， 「與受訪者之已婚兄弟姊妹同住」之父與母所佔比例分別為16%及19%， 「其他」一類對父與母而言都約佔33%。三種家戶類型之代間支持交換型態都不相同。不與父母同住的兩種家戶類型都比與父母同住者提供父母較多的金錢支持與關懷， 但從父母那裡得到的金錢與關懷則較少。在家務方面， 不與父母同住的兩類家戶比與父母同住者不但提供較少家務支持， 也取得較少父母的家務支持。綜合而言， 父母與子女一旦分開居住就得自立， 但彼此並不孤立。不同住子女還是儘可能會提供父母所需支持。上述不同代間交換型態是受到社會規範， 交換特性、交換方向，與家戶類型之影響所致。

Following Sussman’s suggestion, this study aims to examine the impact of household separation on intergenerational support exchange. Living arrange-ments and marital status of respondent’s siblings are used to classify household types. The respondents who live with their parents are referred to as “co-residing with respondents”. The rest of the respondents are grouped as “co-residing with respondent’s married siblings” and “others”. The 2006 Taiwan Social Change Survey data show that about 50% of parents are living with the sur vey respon-dents. The shares of those co-residing with respondent’s married siblings are 16% and 19% for fathers and mothers, respectively, while the share accounted for by “others” is 33% for both fathers and mothers. The three types of house-hold differ in terms of the pattern of intergenerational support exchange. Those co-residing with respondent’s married siblings and “others” provide more but receive less .nancial support and concern than the respondents who live with their parents. They, however, exchange less by way of household chores with parents than those living with parents. Generally speaking, children living in households separated from parents become autonomous but not isolated, or function well in providing support to parents. The differential support pattern is due to the in.uence of social norms, the task nature, exchange direction, and household type.