教師領導三層次的論述建構與省思

Reflection and Theory Construction of Three Levels of Teacher Leadership

領導是影響力的發揮，因此學校組織裡人人都可以成為領導者，發揮其正向優質的 影響力，是以學校教師也是領導者，可散發其影響力，服務更多人群。早期國內在探討 教師領導是聚焦於教師對班級及學生的領導，但新近的教師領導認為教師應走出教室之 外，發揮更大的影響範圍，教師領導可包括學校層面、同僚層面、班級學生層面。 教師領導三層次的理念，其主張為第一層教師領導是教師在教室內對班級及學生的 領導，第二層教師領導是除了進行第一層教師領導外，還將影響力擴及至教室外，與同 儕的對話分享、對新進教師的輔導、參與校務及與家長的溝通互動等，而教師領導第三 層是教師的影響力拓展至學校外，進行跨校或更大社會的服務與影響。 綜言之，本文以教師領導三層次的概念為核心，首先探討教師領導三層次的意涵， 其次分析教師領導三層次的相關理論基礎，之後闡明教師專業學習社群與網路科技可促 進教師領導三層次，接著爬梳教師領導三層次的實施困難、發展因子及教師領導三層次 的人性觀、學習觀、權力觀與文化觀，最後探析教師領導三層次的省思等，冀望深化教 師領導三層次的理念，以為未來國內教師領導邁入下一波教師領導預作準備與因應。

Leadership is a demonstration of influence. Therefore， everyone can be a leader in an educational setting to bring up the positive， superior influence. Teachers are leaders who can utilize their influence to serve more people. Early studies of teacher leadership in the nation focused on the leadership of the class and its students; while the emerging teacher leadership believes that teachers should go beyond the classrooms and demonstrate their influence on a larger scale， including school level， peer level， and student level. Proposing the theory of Three Levels of Teacher Leadership in 2016， the first level of teacher leadership is the leadership in the class and its students; while the second level of leadership expands the influence to the extent of sharing peer conversation， counseling new teachers， participating in school affairs， and communicating with the parents. The third level of teacher leadership extends the influence beyond the school structures to serve other schools and the general society. In summary， using the concepts of Three Levels of Teacher Leadership as the core， this study first investigates the definitions of Three Levels of Teacher Leadership， then analyzes the related theoretic foundation of Three Levels of Teacher Leadership and describes how professional social media and internet technology improve Three Levels of Teacher Leadership， followed by the illustration of difficulties of implementing Three Levels of Teacher Leadership， development factors， and the view of human nature， view of learning， view of power， and view of culture. Finally， this study explores the reflection of Three Levels of Teacher Leadership in hope of deepening the philosophy of Three Levels of Teacher Leadership for preparing the measures needed for the next wave of teacher leadership in the nation.