刑法中的少數民族自治地方立法變通權研究

Study on the Flexible Legislation Right of Minority Autonomous Areas with Criminal Law

少數民族自治地方對刑法具有立法變通權，在少數民族風俗習慣與刑法規定發生衝突時，通過地方立法予以出罪或處刑輕緩化處理具有妥當性。在權利基礎上，民族立法變通權可以從我國法制史上的區別尊重傳統、新中國成立後的憲法規定、民族政策及立法法的程序保障上獲得支撐。在權利實現的指導原則上，變通立法規定時應當堅持罪刑法定、刑法適用人人平等和罪刑適應的刑法基本原則。其分別體現為少數民族自治地方立法不得突破國家刑法規定創設新的罪名或刑罰；民族內部成員的刑法適用人人平等；不宜使用混合罪過或模糊罪過的立法方式，應明確責任。在刑法變通的具體內容上，危害公共安全、侵犯人身、民主權利及國家管理秩序犯罪中的部分罪名，都可以根據少數民族風俗習慣的特別情況予以立法變通，實事求是、精准立法，建構中國特色少數民族自治地方的刑法變通機制，推動法治中國建設。

Minority autonomous areas have the right to make a flexible legislation, when the folkways and customs of minority people are discordant with the criminal law, it's reasonable to make a decriminalization and mitigation of punishment by the way of local legislation. On the right basis, the flexible legislation right can be supported by the historical tradition, rule of the constitution, ethnic policy and procedural guarantee of the legislation law. On the guiding principle, we should keep the principle of nulla poena sine lege, people being equal before the criminal law and the balance of crime and punishment. On the concrete content, some accusations within the crime of endangering public safety, against human life and democracy rights, and undermining state administration order can be made a flexible legislation. By seeking truth from facts and precise legislation, we can build a flexible mechanism for criminal law in minority autonomous areas with Chinese characteristics, and promote the construction of the rule of law in China.