俄羅斯對北方海航線相關立法述評

A Review of Russia's Legislation Concerning Northern Sea Route

經論證，北方海航線屬於用於國際航行的海峽，那麼在其相關海域適用《聯合國海洋法公約》第3部分的過境通行制度，應屬合法、正當。然而，作為沿岸國的俄羅斯的相關立法，卻對此構成了挑戰，具體如俄羅斯《關於北方海航線水域商業航運政府規章的俄羅斯聯邦特別法修正案》的第3條對北方海航線水域的規定、對提交保險或經濟擔保的規定、對事先申請批准的規定，《北方海航線水域航行規則》第2條對事先申請許可的規定、第14-20條對一系列即時報告制度的規定。未來中國宜依據公約的相關規定，事實上朝著北方海航線應適用過境通行制度的方向去努力。

It is argued that the Northern Sea Route belongs to the straits used for international navigation, therefore, it is lawful and justified that the system of 'transit passage' in Part 3 of the UNCLOS applies to the Northern Sea Route's relevant seas. However, as a littoral state Russia's relevant legislation challenged the system of 'transit passage'. Legislative challenges include the provisions of Article 3 of On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Concerning State Regulation of Merchant Shipping on the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route on the area of the Northern Sea Route, the insurance or financial security, and the shipping permits; Article 2 on the authorization-based order; and Articles 14 - 20 of the Rules of Navigation on the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route the on the informs and notifies. China should strive for the application of 'transit passage' in the relevant areas of the Northern Sea Route according to the UNCLOS.